Biology Lab Review Flashcards

A set of flashcards covering key concepts from biology lab lectures.

What are the three main cell shapes of bacteria?

Coccus, Bacillus, Spiral/Spirochetes.

What is indicated by a Gram-Positive stain?

Thick peptidoglycan layer, no outer membrane, and appears purple/blue.

What is indicated by a Gram-Negative stain?

Thin peptidoglycan layer, has an outer membrane with lipopolysaccharides, and appears pink/red.

What prokaryote group is responsible for up to 20% of Earth's atmospheric oxygen?

Cyanobacteria.

What process do cyanobacteria perform?

Oxygenic photosynthesis.

What are the main structures involved in amoeboid movement?

Cilia, Flagella, Pseudopodia.

What is an autotroph?

An organism that produces its own food using light or inorganic chemicals.

What is a heterotroph?

An organism that obtains energy by consuming organic matter.

What is a pathogen?

A disease-causing organism.

What is the function of a mitochondrion?

Performs aerobic respiration, converting glucose into ATP for cellular energy.

What is a mixotroph?

An organism that can act in both heterotrophic and autotrophic modes of nutrition.

What defines a vector in disease transmission?

An organism that transmits pathogens from one host to another without getting infected.

What are diatoms?

Unicellular, photosynthetic protists responsible for up to 40% of Earth's atmospheric oxygen.

What is the function of a blade in a phaeophyte (brown seaweed)?

Responsible for photosynthesis and nutrient absorption.

What does dioecious refer to?

Organisms with male and female reproductive structures on separate individuals.

What defines a diploid organism?

A cell or organism with two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

What is the function of gemma cups in Marchantia?

Contain asexual reproductive structures called gemmae that grow into genetically identical new plants.

What are the three parts of a seed?

Embryo, Endosperm, Seed Coat (Testa).

What distinguishes monocots from dicots?

Monocots have one cotyledon, while dicots have two; they also differ in venation pattern and flower part multiples.