Principles of Business - Chapter 10 Vocab

Terms/Definitions for chapter 10 vocabulary

Motivation

The individual internal process that energizes, directs, and sustains behavior

Morale

An employee’s feelings about the job, about superiors, and about the firm itself

Scientific Management

The application of scientific principles to management of work and workers

Piece-rate System

A compensation system under which employees are paid a certain amount for each unit of output they produce

Need

A personal requirement

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A sequence of human needs in the order of their importance

Physiological Needs

The things we require for survival

Safety Needs

The things we require for physical and emotional security

Social Needs

The human requirements for love and affection and a sense of belonging

Esteem Needs

Our need for respect, recognition, and a sense of our own accomplishment and worth

Self-actualization Needs

The need to grow and develop and to become all that we are capable of being

Motivation-Hygiene Theory

The idea that satisfaction and dissatisfaction are separate and distinct dimensions

Motivation Factors

Job factors that increase motivation, although their absence does not necessarily result in dissatisfaction

Hygiene Factors

Job factors that reduce dissatisfaction when present to an acceptable degree but that do not necessarily result in high levels of motivation

Theory X

A concept of employee motivation generally consistent with Taylor’s scientific management; assumes that employees dislike work and will function only in a highly controlled work environment

Theory Y

 A concept of employee motivation generally consistent with the ideas of the human relations movement; assumes responsibility and work toward organizational goals, and by doing personal rewards are also achieved

Theory Z

The belief that some middle ground between type A and type J practices is best for American business

Reinforcement Theory

A theory of motivation based on the premise that rewarded behavior is likely to be repeated, whereas punished behavior is less likely to recur

Equity Theory

A theory of motivation based on the premise that people are motivated to obtain and preserve equitable treatment for themselves

Expectancy Theory

A model of motivation based on the assumption that motivation depends on how much we want something and on how likely we think we are to get it

Goal-setting Theory

A theory of motivation suggesting that employees are motivated to achieve goals that they and their managers establish together

Management By Objectives (MBO)

A motivation technique in which managers and employees collaborate in setting goals

Job Enrichment

A motivation technique that provides employees with more variety and responsibility in their jobs

Job Enlargement

Expanding a worker’s assignments to include additional but similar tasks

Job Redesign

A type of job enrichment in which work is restructured to cultivate the worker–job match

Behavior Modification

A systematic program of reinforcement to encourage desirable behavior

Flextime

A system in which employees set their own work hours within employer-determined limits

Compressed Workweek

Allows employees to work a 40-hour week in four days instead of five

Part-time Work

Permanent employment in which individuals work less than a standard work week

Job sharing

An arrangement whereby two people share one full-time position

Telecommuting

Working at home all the time or for a portion of the work week

Empowerment

Making employees more involved in their jobs by increasing their participation in decision making

Employee Ownership

A situation in which employees own the company they work for by virtue of being stockholders

Team

Two or more workers operating as a coordinated unit to accomplish a specific task or goal

Problem-Solving Team

A team of knowledgeable employees brought together to tackle a specific problem

Self-managed Teams

Groups of employees with the authority and skills to manage themselves

Cross-functional Team

A team of individuals with varying specialties, expertise, and skills that are brought together to achieve a common task

Virtual Team

A team consisting of members who are geographically dispersed but communicate electronically