Studied by 5 peopleMotivation
The individual internal process that energizes, directs, and sustains behavior
Morale
An employee’s feelings about the job, about superiors, and about the firm itself
Scientific Management
The application of scientific principles to management of work and workers
Piece-rate System
A compensation system under which employees are paid a certain amount for each unit of output they produce
Need
A personal requirement
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
A sequence of human needs in the order of their importance
Physiological Needs
The things we require for survival
Safety Needs
The things we require for physical and emotional security
Social Needs
The human requirements for love and affection and a sense of belonging
Esteem Needs
Our need for respect, recognition, and a sense of our own accomplishment and worth
Self-actualization Needs
The need to grow and develop and to become all that we are capable of being
Motivation-Hygiene Theory
The idea that satisfaction and dissatisfaction are separate and distinct dimensions
Motivation Factors
Job factors that increase motivation, although their absence does not necessarily result in dissatisfaction
Hygiene Factors
Job factors that reduce dissatisfaction when present to an acceptable degree but that do not necessarily result in high levels of motivation
Theory X
A concept of employee motivation generally consistent with Taylor’s scientific management; assumes that employees dislike work and will function only in a highly controlled work environment
Theory Y
A concept of employee motivation generally consistent with the ideas of the human relations movement; assumes responsibility and work toward organizational goals, and by doing personal rewards are also achieved
Theory Z
The belief that some middle ground between type A and type J practices is best for American business
Reinforcement Theory
A theory of motivation based on the premise that rewarded behavior is likely to be repeated, whereas punished behavior is less likely to recur
Equity Theory
A theory of motivation based on the premise that people are motivated to obtain and preserve equitable treatment for themselves
Expectancy Theory
A model of motivation based on the assumption that motivation depends on how much we want something and on how likely we think we are to get it
Goal-setting Theory
A theory of motivation suggesting that employees are motivated to achieve goals that they and their managers establish together
Management By Objectives (MBO)
A motivation technique in which managers and employees collaborate in setting goals
Job Enrichment
A motivation technique that provides employees with more variety and responsibility in their jobs
Job Enlargement
Expanding a worker’s assignments to include additional but similar tasks
Job Redesign
A type of job enrichment in which work is restructured to cultivate the worker–job match
Behavior Modification
A systematic program of reinforcement to encourage desirable behavior
Flextime
A system in which employees set their own work hours within employer-determined limits
Compressed Workweek
Allows employees to work a 40-hour week in four days instead of five
Part-time Work
Permanent employment in which individuals work less than a standard work week
Job sharing
An arrangement whereby two people share one full-time position
Telecommuting
Working at home all the time or for a portion of the work week
Empowerment
Making employees more involved in their jobs by increasing their participation in decision making
Employee Ownership
A situation in which employees own the company they work for by virtue of being stockholders
Team
Two or more workers operating as a coordinated unit to accomplish a specific task or goal
Problem-Solving Team
A team of knowledgeable employees brought together to tackle a specific problem
Self-managed Teams
Groups of employees with the authority and skills to manage themselves
Cross-functional Team
A team of individuals with varying specialties, expertise, and skills that are brought together to achieve a common task
Virtual Team
A team consisting of members who are geographically dispersed but communicate electronically
Note
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