1.23 Molecular & empirical formulas

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What is the empirical formula? What 2 values could be used to calculate the empirical formula of a simple compound?

The empirical formula is the smallest whole number ratio of the atoms of each element in a compound. Reacting masses or percentage composition can be used to calculate the empirical formula.

2
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What is the empirical formula for Fe2O4?

FeO2

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What is the molecular formula?

Actual number of atoms of each element in a compound.

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Describe an experiment to work out the empirical formula of magnesium oxide

  • Weigh a sample of magnesium

  • Heat the sample in a crucible.

  • Weigh the mass of magnesium oxide at the end. Calculate the mass of oxygen (this is the increase of mass).

  • Calculate the moles of magnesium and oxygen using the experimental mass and relative atomic mass.

  • Work out the whole number ratio of the number of moles of magnesium to oxygen.