Acids and Bases: Determination of pH Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering acid-base definitions, indicators, equilibrium concepts, safety guidelines, and laboratory testing protocols.

Arrhenius Acid

A solution that contains an excess of $H^+$ ions.

Arrhenius Base

A solution that contains an excess of $OH^-$ ions.

Bronsted-Lowry Acid

A proton ($H^+$) donor.

Bronsted-Lowry Base

A proton ($H^+$) acceptor.

Lewis Acid

An electron pair acceptor.

Lewis Base

An electron pair donor.

Conjugate Base

The base formed when a Bronsted-Lowry acid loses a hydrogen ion.

Acid-Base Indicator

A weak Bronsted-Lowry acid that changes color when it loses its hydrogen ion.

Phenolphthalein

An indicator that is colorless in its acid form ($HPhth$) and bright pink in its base form ($Phth^-$), with a pH range of $8.2\text{--}10.0$.

LeChatelier's Principle

States that if a stress is applied to a system in equilibrium, the system will respond in such a way as to relieve that stress and restore equilibrium under a new set of conditions.

Methyl Red

An acid-base indicator that is red in acid and yellow in base, with a pH range of $4.8\text{--}6.0$.

Litmus

An acid-base indicator that is red in acid and blue in base, with a pH range of $5.2\text{--}7.5$.

Bromthymol Blue

An acid-base indicator that is yellow in acid and blue in base, with a pH range of $6.0\text{--}7.6$.

Universal Indicator

An indicator that displays red, orange, and yellow in acid, and blue and violet in base, spanning a pH range of $0.0\text{--}14.0$.

HCl and NaOH Skin Exposure Protocol

Immediately flush the affected skin area with water for $2\text{--}3\text{ minutes}$ and notify the teacher.

HCl and NaOH Eye Exposure Protocol

Flush eyes with running water immediately for at least $20\text{ minutes}$ or use the eye wash fountain, and notify the teacher immediately.

Ammonia Safety Warning

An irritant whose fumes should not be inhaled directly and whose contact with skin must be avoided.

Solid Household Chemical Preparation Protocol

Solid chemicals must be dissolved or suspended in distilled water before testing, using a mortar and pestle if necessary.