Real midterm study guide

List the initials used for ASCP certification

PBT (Phlebotomy Technician) certification Agency

Define HIPPA and explain why it is important

Electronic exchange of protected health information patient privacy on electronic exchange 

Cardiology

study of the heart 

Pathology

study of Disease 

Psychiatry 

mental health

Gerontology

old age 

Chemistry

detecting measurements of chemical in blood and body fluid 

Hematology

associated with blood and blood forming the tissue (blood and bone marrow)

Microbiology

grow the bugs ( culture and sensitivity) and specimen processing ( scanning in into the system and deliver them into the correct department  

Urinalysis

examine your urine 

Immunohematology

Blood bank study of the immune system with the blood. Prepare blood products to be used for blood transfusion

immunology

immune system study the immune system problems 

Phlebotomist

draw the blood 

Coagulation

blood clotting ( looking at the ability for blood clotting) 

Understand the requirements for proper patient identification

• Name and medical record number 

• Name and date of brith 

Explain what informed consent means

Patient agreeing to a procedure after having it explain in terms so they can understand and the potential consequences associated with it. 

Explain what a delta check refers to

• Comparing current results form previous 

  • Why— to make sure that the the wrong person wasn’t drawn 

Understand the most important way to stop the spread of infection

Proper Hand antisepsis (handwashing) 

Airborne Transmission Definition:

Spread by tiny particles that stay in the air and can travel long distances Memory Tip: Airborne = floats in the air.  (Breathing) 

Droplet Transmission Definition:

Spread by larger respiratory droplets that travel short distances and fall quickly. Memory Tip: Droplet = falls like drops. Sneeze or a cough in order to infect another person 

Describe Homeostasis

The body ability to maintain a state of equilibrium ( the blood its more acidic our body compensates by making it more basic so we level out the pH

Arrange body organization from simple to complex

Chemicals, cell, tissues, organs, organs systems, and the entire body 

List the veins in the antecubital fossa (where you will draw blood)

median cubital vein, Cephalic vein (outside the body), Basilic vein (towards your body) 

Digestive system

Mouth to anus process food and eliminates waste 

Skeletal system

Where blood cell are made and it includes ligaments and cartilage 

Nervous system

Spin, Brian autonomic and somatic nervous system

Integumentary system

Dermis, epidermis, subcutaneous and hair 

Respiratory system

Deliver oxygen to blood cell in alveoli

Circulatory system

Deliver oxygen to the tissues from red blood cell has a large pump and its the major transport suits of the body  

Endocrine system

Hormones 

Reproductive systems

Female have ova and male has sperm 

Urinary system

Kidneys filter and exclude waste 

Know the proper blood-to-additive ratio for a sodium citrate tube

9:1 

A 9:1 ratio of blood to anticoagulant. Light blue-top tubes must be filled to at least 90% of their stated volume to ensure accurate coagulation test results.

Describe needle gauge, and relate the number with size of lumen

The lower the number the bigger the needle 

•  Lower gauge number = Larger needle and larger lumen

•  Higher gauge number = Smaller needle and smaller lumen

• 21-gauge (green) = standard needle for routine adult venipuncture

• 22-gauge (black) = often used for smaller veins

• 23-gauge = used for infants, children, and difficult veins

• 25-gauge = used for very small or difficult veins

Identify the purpose of an antiglycolytic additive

Prevent glycolysis means that it will persevere glucose 

Understand the function of heparin additive

• It as anticoagulant it works by inhibits thrombin  (gold and red) serums tubes 

  • Question to ask your self is it heparin ( inhibits thrombin) if not heparin then it binds calcium 

EDTA

bind calcium 

Potassium oxalate

bind calcium 

Sodium citrate

binds calcium 

Light blue

sodium citrate 

Red

non

Gold

SST clog activator,  Serum separator 

Light green

Lithium heparin and gel separator

Dark green

Lithium heparin and Sodium heparin

Lavender

EDTA

Grey

Sodium fluoride and potassium oxalate, 

Know the order of draw based on color

Blood culture or SPS, Light blue, Red, SST, PST, green, lavender, grey 

Veins

are blood vessels that return blood to the heart( oxygen deficient blood) ( one way valves) 

Arteries

are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart (oxygen rich blood) 

Order the arm veins from most to least desirable

Median, cephalic, basilic (MCB) 

Identify how EDTA prevents clotting

• It bind calcium 

• EDTA prevents clotting by "locking up" the calcium in the blood. Since blood needs calcium to form clots, the blood cannot clot when EDTA removes the calcium.

Identify how Sodium Citrate prevents clotting

• Binds calcium 

• Sodium citrate prevents clotting by binding to calcium in the blood. Calcium is required for the blood clotting process (coagulation). When sodium citrate binds the calcium, the clotting process cannot occur,

Label the veins of the arm