Earth, Sun, Moon Systems

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25 Terms

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rotation
Object's spinning motion about its own axis. Creates day and night on Earth
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revolution
Objects' orbital motion around another object. Creates seasons on Earth
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lunar phases
eight monthly changes of the shape of the illuminated portion of the Moon as seen by an observer on Earth.
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28 days
length of one lunar cycle
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right
side of the moon that illuminates first
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new moon
when the moon is closest to the sun, completely dark
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full moon
when the moon is furthest from the sun, completely illuminated, two weeks after a new moon
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waxing
visible portion of the Moon becomes larger, happens after new moon
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waning
visible portion of the Moon becomes smaller, happens after full moon
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23.5 degrees
The tilt of the Earth's axis
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summer
when the tilt of the Earth is toward the sun in a particular hemisphere, causing longer days
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winter
when the tilt of the Earth is away from the sun in a particular hemisphere, causing shorter days
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equinox
Equal amounts of daylight and night time (happens twice a year Spring and Fall)
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solstice
the start of new seasons and the days with the most or least amount of sunlight
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summer solstice
Day with the most sunlight, (longest day of the year), June 21
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winter solstice
shortest day of the year (least amount of sunlight), December 21
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eclipse
the blocking or darkening of a celestial body (such as the Sun or the Moon)
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penumbra
the lighter part of a shadow where light is partially blocked, partial shadow
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umbra
The darkest part of a shadow where light is fully blocked, full shadow
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lunar eclipse
full moon passes into Earth's shadow causing the Moon to appear red. (sun, earth, moon), lasts 1 - 3 1/2 hours
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solar eclipse
moon passes between Earth & Sun, and covers all or part of the sun. (sun, moon, earth), lasts less than 12 minutes
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Phases of the moon
new moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, third quarter, waning crescent
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Orbit
A path described by one body in its revolution about, another
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Type of eclipse you would see during a full and new moon
Full - Lunar and New - Solar
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People see a lunar eclipse more often than a solar eclipse
Lunar eclipses last longer, solar would have to be in a specific place to see it, lunar happens more often and is easier to look at