Nationalism and WW1

What 2 new nations were formed in the late 1800s?

Germany and Italy

Nationalism

Pride in your country

Blood and Iron

Said by Bismark

Blood and war, Industrialization, strong, unbreakable

The Iron Chancellor

Otto von Bismark

Years of WWI

1914-1918

Ottoman Empire what known as, why?

The "Sick Man of Europe" due to its declining power and territorial losses and lots of different ethnicities.

Austria-Hungarian Empire what known as why?

Madhouse of Nationalities. Different nationalities stuffed together.

How did Nationalism impact the Ottoman and Austria-Hungarian empires?

Caused the breakup of the Ottoman and Austrian-Hungarian empires because they wanted their own countries.

What were the underlying causes of WWI and what caused a lot of tension in Europe in the early 1900s?

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism.

What spark led to WWI?

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria in Serbia

Archduke Franz or Francis Ferdinand

The archduke of Austria who was assassinated by the Black Hand. The heir to the Austrian-Hungarian throne. (Emperor)

Black Hand

Terrorist Nationalist Group in Serbia that was funded by the serbian government. Responsible for Assassination of Arch Duke

Serbia

Small Slavic nation that gained independence from Austria-Hungary. Lots of small nationalist/terrorist groups.

Serbian Nationalists

People who wanted their own country.

Who were the Allies (triple entente)

Britain, France, Russia (US)

Who were the Central Powers (triple alliance)

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

What kind of war was WWI?

A 2 front war. (Western and Eastern)

Later became a total war

What made WWI different than other wars?

Their were more weapons and machinery due to the Industrial Revolution

Trench warfare

underground trenches where they would hide, miserable/unsanitary conditions (rats, lice, disease, trench foot, weather, shell shock, GOING OVER THE TOP)

No man's land

The narrow, muddy, treeless stretch of land, characterized by numerous shell holes, that separated two sides of the war. No one dared to go

Stalemate

Nobody could advance or gain territory

New warfare technology

Machine guns, Rifles, Tanks, Submarines, and Poison gas, U-Boats

Uboats

German submarine

Schlieffen Plan

Germany's plan to march through neutral Belgium to sneak attack France

What country was neutral and got invaded by Germans?

Belgium

Why was WWI a Total War?

Everything we have went into the war. Rationing, Propaganda, Women working. Giving everything like food, money and parts to benefit the war.

Rationing

limiting the supply of certain goods, particularly food, to ensure that everyone received a fair share, especially during times of scarcity

Propaganda

One-sided information designed to persuade and keep up morale and support for the war. (Newspapers

Women working outside the home

Why did Russia pull out of the war in 1917?

They were losing alot of men and people at home were upset because they didnt have food or money. Red vs Whites, Their country was facing a revolution between the communist and the czar

Lusitania

A British ship filled with Americans that was sunk by German submarines - unrestricted submarine warfare

Why did the US enter WWI?

1. bombing of Lusitania - lost 128 americans

   2.  Cultural ties—felt ties of culture & language w/ Britain, sympathy for France

3.  Zimmerman Note

Zimmerman note

Note from Germany to Mexico that promised to help Mexico recover the territory it had lost during the 1840s, including Texas, New Mexico, California, and Arizona if they supported Germany in the War

Britain intercepted the note

How did Wilson's idea of peace differ from the other 3 architects?

Wanted peace without Victory. Did not want to punish Germany. Britain and France wanted to punish Germany for the damage they had caused

Peace without victory

Wilson did not want to punish Germany but the Europeans did, he wanted a just peace

Wilson's 14 point

Open treaties, no secret agreements

Freedom of the seas

Free trade

Limits on armaments 

Peaceful adjustment of colonial claims

Territorial settlements in Europe along clearly recognizable lines of nationality

Self-determination = people chose own govt.

****League of Nations

A statement of principles for peace that was to be used for peace negotiations in order to end World War I.

Treaty of Versailles what did it do?

Germany forced to sign—had to agree to the following provisions:

• Sign it…OR ELSE

  Assume full blame for WW1

  Pay $30 billion in reparations

  Army WEAKENED

  Lost Alsace-Lorraine & overseas colonies

Key points of the TOV?

1. Germany has to admit responsibility for the war= war guilt clause 2.Germany had to pay reparations = pay for the war= 30 billion $ 3. Took away Germany's overseas colonies 4. Limited the size of the German military & required Germany to hand its fleet over to the Allies. 5. Took away parts of Germany & made Poland *US Never signs the TOV

Results of WWI

8 and a half million people died, 17 million people were wounded and lost limbs and Britain and Germany were bankrupt.Creation of new countries, loss of territory for germany and russia, lots of lost land

Which new countries were created?

Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Palestine, Iraq, Transjordan, Syria, Lebanon, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Romania.

How did war impact women? Women’s suffrage?

Women showed that they can do what men can do while the men were gone but also reinforced traditional women working jobs like a cook or cleaner. Got suffrage in the US.

Why were the colony's powers unhappy with the war?

The colonies thought they would be independent or rid of imperial rulers but they were not.

Which European country gained its independence after WWI?

Poland.

Reparations

Payments for war damage.

The Big Three

Wilson (USA) , Clemenceau(FRANCE) Lloyd George(BRITAIN)

Who was blamed for WW1?

Germany