Veterinary Terms & Terminology (20%)

increased use of technology

vets adapting tonew technology and getting information in new, innovative ways

non-traditional treatment methods

acupuncture, preventative dental care, chiropractic, herbal remedies, etc.

cat friendly practices

key to veterinary job growth

issues in veterinary medicine?

vet supply and pet owner demand, cost of case increased, client concerns, pet obestity, changing practices, controversy over vaccines

what percentage of pets are over-weight or obese?

more than 50%

US Food & Drug Administration (FDA)

scientific, regulatory and public health agency with jurisdiction encompassing human and animal drugs, medical devices, radiation-emitting products, animal feed, cosmetics, and therapeutic agents of biological origin. Enforces the animal drug use clarification act of 1994

Animal Drug Use Clarification Act of 1994

enforced by FDA. legalized extra-label drug use by vets as long as animals are non-food producing

United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)

division of animal and plant health inspeaction service (APHIS) that regulates veterinary biologics (vaccines, bacterins), ensures vet biologics are safe, pure, potent, and effective. also performs work through cetner of vet biologics (CVB)

Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)

divison of DOJ. enforces controlled substances act of 1970

controlled substances act of 1970

federal drug policy which regulates the manufactures and distribution of controlled substances

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

require job safety and health protection posters, summaries of petitions for variances from standards, copies of all OSHA citations for violations of standards, summary of occupational injuries, appropriate warning or ID signs, and emergency action and prevention plans

American Association of Veterinarian State Boards

identifies minimal standards required to enter the profession and remain in practice. establishes procedures for identifying and sanctioning or removing incompetent or unethical practitioners.

professional licensing

laws are in place to protect the public and is required in each state or province where a vet practices

professional liability insurance

highly encouraged for vets. provides coverage for non vet employees, pays for legal defense fees and court costs, qualified vets reviewing every malpractice allegation, and consent to settle clause

consent to settle clause

no claim wll be settled without a vet’s written consent. protects reputation and unneeded lawsuits

veterinary responsiblity

dicted by AVMA

ethical behavior

starts at the top of any organization and is characterized by honesty, fairness, and respect towards professional, coworkers, and clients

unethical behavior

characterized as an action which is not considered morally right within a profession

common electrical technology

used daily in vet clinics to help determine illness and the overall health of animals

centrifuge

used for separation of fluids by spinning a vessel holding material at a high speed. force separates the heavier material from the lighter material within the vessel (used for fecal, urinalysis, blood exam)

autoclave

decontaminate and sterilize surgical instruments. uses heat, steam, and pressure above boiling temperature to clean instruments. runs for 20 minutes at 250 F or 121 C

microscopes

used to analyze blood, fecal material, urine, and sperm microscopically. help determine if an animal is infected with disease, parasites, or are reproductively sound

imaging equipment

revolutionezed veterinary medicine by allowing veterinarians to determine disease, illness, and the overall health of animals easily.

radiography (x ray)

allows vets to examine the body for injury or disease. used to examine bones, heart, lungs, and abdominal organs. one of first tools used when diagnosing a problem

ultasonography

creates images of body structures from a pattern of echoes reflected from the structures being imaged

endoscopy

exam of esophagus, stomach, upper intestines, colon, cecum, large bowel, and rectum. allows for visual examination of body parts without surgery. uses device with light attached to look inside body cavity or organ.

electrocardiography

records electrical activity of the heart over a period of time by placing electrodes on a patient’s body. detects disturbances in the heartbeat or rhythm. diagnose types of heart disease

fecalyzer

detect parasite eggs in a fecal sample

surgical instruments

specially designed tools or devices which perform specific actions while performing surgery or an operation on animals

dissecting

may and iris scissors

surgical

straight or curved blade

utility

lister bandage scissors

suture

suture scissors

thumb forceps

used for grasping, compressing, cutting, and pulling tissues

clamping forceps/hemostats

used to control blood flow during surgery

needle holders

used as a locking mechanism to hold a suture needle when applying stitiches or closing an incision

scalpels

sharp surgical knives. handle and blade are packed separately. are used to make incisions on an animal during surgery. come in different sizes.

cannula

type of tube used as a drain to release fluid or gas which has built up in an animal

trocar

sharp needle within the cannula which is pushed into the body cavity to allow drainage.

catheter

made of either rubber or metal. inserted into the body to allow the passage of fluids into or out of the body. most commonly inserted into the urinary bladder and blood vessels.

trachea tubes

used for protecting and maintaining a patient’s airway during anesthesia. come in different sizes and are measured in centimeters.

medical administration instruments

used to inject medication into an animal in order to diagnose, treat, or prevent illness

syringe

help when administering a liquid medication into the animal via mouth, sub q, IM, or IV

hypodermic syringes and needles

very small syringes which are used with hollow needles for injections into or under the skin. often used for inserting insulin into diabetic

drench guns

used to administer de-wormers, niacin, calcium, and other drenchers. push liquid into animal’s mouth between the cheek and teeth so the animal will swallow the medication. reduces risk of liquid entering lungs

balling gunds

used to administer oral emdication capsultes or boluses into an animal. have a long barrel which is placed in the back of the animal’s throat and medication is then inserted

IV tubes

adminsiter fluids into the animal. inserted into vein

rinsing

immediately after surgery, rinsing instruments under warm/hot running water

disinfecting

soaking all instruments for at least 10 minutes in an enzymatic cleaner bath. place instruments in an approved disinfectant for 10 minutes after soaking. rinsing all instruments under tap water. NEVER use bleach or other chemcials

cleaning

ultrasonic cleaning, automatic wash sterilization, manual cleaning

autoclaving

placing instruments into the autoclave in an unlocked or open position. removing instruments after they are steamed and dry

root words

foundation of most medical terms

prefixes

come before the root word

suffix

come after the root word

compound word

have two or more roots

combining forms

is an incomplete word containing a root word, prefix, or suffix with a combining vowel

cardio

heart

cephalo

head

dento

teeth

opthalmo

eyes

stetho

chest

naso

nose

oto

ear

dermo/dermato

skin

uni

one

bi

two

tri

three

quadra

four

quinta

five

sexta

six

octo

eight

nona

nine

deca

ten

hyper

excessive

hypo

less than normal

sub

under

peri

around

supra

above

an

without

anti

against

ectomy

removal of

tomy

cutting, incision

plasty

surgical repair

centesis

puncture to remove fluid or gas

pexy

suture to stabilize

scope

instrument or exam

gram

record of

graphy

procedure which records

scopy

procedure to visually examine

logy

study of

therapy

treatment

rhexis

rupture

itis

inflammation

osis

abnormal condition

pathy

disease

algia or dynia

pain

um

structure

al

renal

ic

enteric

an

ovary