Biology 1.3 Diet and Health

What molecules are required by the body for a balanced diet?

Carbohydrates. Proteins. Lipids. Minerals. Vitamins. Fibre. Water.

What is the function of glucose in the body?

Used in respiration to release energy. Converted to glycogen and stored.

Where is glycogen stored?

In the liver.

What is the function of fatty acids and glycerol in the body?

Energy store.

What is the function of amino acids in the body?

Amino acids join together in long chains to form proteins, which are used for growth.

Why are minerals required by the body?

Required for a range of different functions, e.g., iron is required for the synthesis of haemoglobin in red blood cells.

Why are vitamins required by the body?

Required for a range of different functions, e.g., vitamin C is involved in the formation of collagen and the functioning of the immune system.

What happens when the body doesn’t receive enough vitamins or minerals?

Deficiency diseases develop, e.g., iron deficiency causes anaemia, and vitamin C deficiency leads to scurvy.

Why is water required by the body?

Main component of cells. Enables chemical reactions to take place within cells. Transport medium for glucose, minerals, etc.

What is the function of fibre in the body?

Provides bulk, which aids the movement of food via peristalsis.

What type of food releases the greatest amount of energy per gram?

Lipids.

What happens to excess carbohydrates in the body?

Stored as glycogen in the liver. When stores become full, glycogen is converted to fats. Fats are stored beneath the skin and surrounding organs.

Outline the health risks associated with obesity.

Cardiovascular disease. Cancer. Type 2 diabetes.

Outline the health risks associated with a diet high in sugar.

Type 2 diabetes. Obesity. Tooth decay.

Outline the health risks associated with a diet high in salt.

High blood pressure. Cardiovascular disease.