Unit 1- Intro To Injury Assessment

By considering surroundings, what are possible options for different exam types?

on field, sideline

What is the systematic process that allows the AT to make the assessment?

evaluation

what is the procedure through which the clinician determines the severity, irritability, nature and stage of injury(SINS)?

assessment

What does the acronym SINS stand for during an eval?

Severity, Irritability, Nature, Stage of injury

During the history portion of a clinical exam, what is the factor that defines the the extent, structures involved, pain tolerance level?

Irritability

What are the 4 questions in assessment decision making?

Return to play, physician referral, immediate treatment, emergency transport

What are Return to Play factors to be noted during assessment desicion making porcess?

no pain/swelling, full rom, normal flexibility, appropriate proprioception/strength/muscular endurance, agility and coordination

Return to play decision making should be compared to what?

pre injury level

What physician said ‘Diagnosis is only a matter of applying ones anatomy’?

James Cyriax

What are helpful ways to accurately assess an injury?

know anatomy/use anatomical terminology, review eval/re-eval, talk to ATS/ATC, practice special tests

the objective of taking a history is what?

finding chief complaint

what are the 3 aspects of taking a history?

chief complaint, past, history of present injury/illness

When doing an eval, what is the term for a patient complaining of pain during testing?

comparable pain

What are the 5 categories of information that should be collected during the history portion of an eval?

chief complaint, MOI, present/past history, pt interpretation of injury

What aspect of an eval is considered the looking phase?

obersvation/inspection

The 2 areas of the observation/inspection phase are what?

total individual, site of pathology

What is being looked for during observation/inspection phase?

deformity, symmetry, atrophy, skin texture, redness/color, limb position

What stage in an eval is the touching phase where knowledge of anatomy is vital?

palpation

when in the palpation phase what is being looked for?

deformity, heat, swelling, crepitus, tone, tension

what are the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation?

heat, redness, swelling, loss of function, pain

what are the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation in the latin names?

calor, dolor, tumor, rubor, functio laesa

what is the general term that describes tendon degeneration characterized by a combination of pain, swelling, and impaired performance?

tendinopathies

What does the acronym PRICE stand for?

protection, rest, ice, compression, elevation

what does the acronym POLICE stand for?

protection, optimal loading, ice, compression, elevation

what does the acronym PEACE stand for?

protection, elevation, avoid anti inflammatories, compression, education

what does the acronym LOVE stand for?

Load, Optimism, vascularization, exercise

What is often used with non fatiguing muscle activation, flushing out waste and delivering nourishment to the target area?

Active recovery

What is done first within special testing to determine ROM and the atheltes willingness to move?

ROM tests

What is the assessment of the contractile (muscle, tendons and bone attachments) through stretching and contraction?

AROM

What is the assessment of intra-articular factors that limit ROM such as hypo/hyper-motility, quality of movement and cause of limits?

PROM

what is used to determine abnormal range of motion where the proximal segment is stabilized and distal segment is stressed?

stress testing

what is the feeling of abnormal sensations?

parethesia

what is a form of paresthesia the sensation of insects crawling on your skin and tingling?

formication

what is increased sensation?

hypersthesia

what is a decrease in sensation/numbness?

hypothesia

what is the area of skin innervated by a single nerve root?

dermatome

what is a group of muscle supplied by a single nerve root?

myotome

what is the area of none or fascia supplied by a single nerve root?

sclerotome

what myotome controls the biceps?

C5-C6

What is absent or without sensation?

anesthesia

What provides an indication of the state of the nerve supplying the reflex?

reflex testing

What neurological term is describes spinal nerve roots (pinched nerves)?

radiculopathy

what describes a peripheral nerve lesion such as neurapraxia, axonotmesis, neurotmesis?

Nueropathy

what neuropathy type is the most mild type of peripheral nerve injury causing a temporary block in nerve signals?

neurapraxia

what form of neuropathy is a moderate peripherial nerve injury where the axon is damaged or severed but other connective tissue layers remain intact?

axonotmesis

what is the most severe type of neuropathy that is defined as a complete physical cut/tear of both the nerve fiber (axon) AND the connective tissue surrounding the sheath?

neurotmesis

what is the neurological term that defines a plexus lesion?

plexopathy

what is the neurological term involving the brain and spinal cord?

myelopathy

What are the 3 main types of reflex tests?

superficial, deep tendon, pathological

what is the lesion proximal to the anterior horn of the spinal cord that results in paralysis and loss of voluntary movement, spasticity, sensory loss and pathological reflexes?

Upper Motor Neuron lesion

What is a lesion of the the anterior horn of the spinal cord, nerve roots or peripheral nerves resulting in decreased reflexes, flaccid paralysis and atrophy?

Lower Motor Neuron Lesion

What type of test provides a baseline assessment of muscular strength?

manual muscle test

what arwe the 3 most prevalent motor nerve lesions?

paralysis, loss of reflexes, atrophy