Bio Chapter 11

Offspring that result from crosses between parents with different traits

are called hybrids

Gregor Mendel removed the male parts from the flowers of some plants in order to

make controlled crosses between plants

The “chemical factors” that Mendel said determine traits are now called

genes

The principle of dominance states that

some alleles are dominant and others are recessive

When Gregor Mendel crossed true-breeding short plants, all the offspring were tall because

the allele for tall plants is dominant

The principles of probability can be used to

predict the traits of the offspring produced by genetic crosses

Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait are said to be

homozygous

A Punnett square shows all of the following EXCEPT

the actual results of a genetic cross

What principle states that during gamete formation genes for different traits separate without influencing each other’s inheritance?

principle of independent assortment

How many different allele combinations would be found in the gametes produced by a pea plant whose genotype was RrYY?

2

Situations in which one allele for a gene is not completely dominant over another allele for that gene are called

incomplete dominance

A cross of black chicken (BB) with a white chicken (WW) produces all black & white speckled offspring (BW). This type of inheritance is known as

codominance

Variation in human skin color and hair color are an example of

polygenic traits

A male and female bison that are both heterozygous for normal skin pigmentation (Aa) produce an albino offspring (aa). Which of Mendel’s principles explain(s) why the offspring is albino?

dominance/recessive and segregation

Gametes have

one allele for each gene

When crossing a male and a female, which represents the male?

XY

Which is correct for the relationship between an allele and a gene?

alleles are the alternative forms a gene can take

A cross that involves one pair of alleles is known as which of the following?

monohybrid cross

Which of the following is the MALE gamete (in animals)?

sperm

A mother has the following genotype for a polygenic trait, AaBbCc. How many alleles will she pass onto her offspring?

3

A species of apple inherits its skin color by incomplete dominance. If a red-skinned apple is crossed with a yellow-skinned apple, what color will the offspring most likely be?

orange

In the P generation, a tall plant was crossed with a short plant. Short plants reappeared in the F2 generation because

the allele for shrotness and the allele for tallnes segregated when the F1 plants produced the gametes

Which of the following genotypes for blood type result in the same phenotype?

BB & BO

There is a gene for humans that is controlled by the following multiple alleles: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, and J. How many of these alleles would be received by you from your parents for this trait?

2

There is a gene for humans that is controlled by the following multiple alleles: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, and J. How many of your alleles for this trait can you pass on to offspring?

1

Who is considered the Universal Donor blood type?

type O

Which of the following could a person with A blood donate to?

A and AB

Which blood type is considered the Universal Recipient?

AB

Which blood type has B antigens only?

B

Which blood type has anti-B antibodies only?

A

Which blood type has no antigens?

O

What is true of an epistatic gene?

Can control whether or not a separate gene can have an effect

Which of the following would still be true for every genetics idea we know today?

Principle of Segregation