cell cycle

Cell Mitosis

The process of cell division where a parent cell divides into two daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell, involving stages like prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

Meiosis

A type of cell division that produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell, involving two rounds of division resulting in four daughter cells with genetic variation.

Interphase

The phase of the cell cycle involving DNA replication, growth, and cell preparation for mitosis, where 90% of the cell cycle time is spent, preparing for cell reproduction and not visible under a light microscope due to uncondensed chromosomes.

G1 Phase

The phase of interphase where cells grow, synthesize proteins for gene regulation, and duplicate organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts.

S Phase

The phase of interphase where all DNA in chromosomes is replicated, resulting in the parent cell containing two identical copies of DNA.

G2 Phase

The phase of interphase involving the synthesis of proteins needed for spindle, cell growth, and preparation for mitosis.

Prophase

The phase of mitosis where chromosomes condense, form chromatids, spindle apparatus forms, and the nucleolus and nuclear membrane disappear.

Metaphase

The phase of mitosis where chromosomes line up at the cell equator, with spindle fibers attached to the centromere.

Anaphase

The phase of mitosis where sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.

Telophase

The phase of mitosis where chromosomes uncoil, spindle apparatus disappears, and nuclear envelopes form around each chromosome cluster.