Dental Anatomy and Development

These flashcards cover key concepts and terminology related to dental anatomy and development, useful for exam preparation.

What is the root of a tooth covered with?

Cementum

Define Bifurcation in tooth anatomy.

Division into two roots.

What does Trifurcation mean?

Division into three roots.

What is the tapered end of each root called?

Apex.

What is described as anything situated at the apex?

Apical.

What does periapical refer to?

Anything surrounding the apex.

When does root development occur?

After the crown has formed and begins to erupt.

What is the role of the Hertwig epithelial root sheath?

Responsible for shaping the root(s) and inducing dentin formation.

What determines root morphology?

The shape, length, and number of roots.

What is enamel primarily composed of?

96% to 99% inorganic matter and 1% to 4% organic matrix.

How does enamel appear in terms of color?

Ranges from yellow to grayish-white.

What are enamel prisms also known as?

Enamel rods.

What are the three types of dentin?

Primary dentin, Secondary dentin, and Tertiary dentin (reparative dentin).

What covers the root of the tooth?

Cementum.

What is the primary function of cementum?

To anchor the tooth to the bony socket.

What is the dental sac's role in cementum formation?

Brings undifferentiated cells into contact with newly formed surface of root dentin.

What are cementoblasts?

Cells that produce cementum.

What is the significance of accessory canals?

They provide pathways for nerves and blood vessels within the pulp chamber.

What is the periodontium?

The supporting structure of the teeth within the alveolar bone.

What two major units is the periodontium divided into?

Attachment apparatus and Gingival unit.

What is the alveolar process?

The bony structure that supports the teeth in their functional positions.

Define lamina dura.

The thin layer of compact bone lining the alveolar socket.

What does the periodontal ligament primarily connect?

The cementum covering the root and the alveolar bone.

What are the supportive functions of the periodontal ligament?

Allows for tooth stability during mastication and provides sensory feedback.

What are transseptal fiber groups?

Fibers that help support the tooth in relation to the adjacent teeth.

Name the three types of oral mucosa in the oral cavity.

Lining mucosa, Masticatory mucosa, Specialized mucosa.

What can excessive cementum formation result in?

Concrescence or the union of root structures of adjacent teeth.

What role do fibroblasts play in the periodontal ligament?

Allow for continuous remodeling necessary for supporting fibers.

What type of connective tissue organizes periodontal fibers?

Dense connective tissue.

What is the primary function of the roots of teeth?

To anchor the teeth securely within the jaw.

What happens to the cementoid during maturation?

It mineralizes to form mature cementum.

What complications can arise from malformations during root development?

Complications can include difficulties with extractions due to dilaceration.