Venous Drainage Pathways in Amphibians (Sinus Venosus System)

Flashcards summarizing the venous return pathways from various organs and body regions to the sinus venosus (or left atrium for pulmonary veins) in amphibians.

Lower Jaw Venous Drainage

Maxillary vein → External jugular vein → Precaval vein → Sinus venosus

Tongue Venous Drainage

Lingual vein → External jugular vein → Precaval vein → Sinus venosus

Forelimb/Arm Venous Drainage

Brachial vein → Subclavian vein → Precaval vein → Sinus venosus

Shoulder Venous Drainage

Subscapular vein → Innominate vein → Precaval vein → Sinus venosus

Brain Venous Drainage

Internal jugular vein → Innominate vein → Precaval vein → Sinus venosus

Skin & Chest Muscle Venous Drainage

Musculocutaneous vein → Subclavian vein → Precaval vein → Sinus venosus

Pulmonary Venous Return

Pulmonary veins → Left atrium

Liver Venous Outflow

Hepatic vein → Postcaval vein → Sinus venosus

Thigh Venous Drainage

Femoral vein → Renal portal vein → Kidney → Renal veins → Postcaval vein → Sinus venosus

Shank & Pes Venous Drainage

Sciatic vein → Renal portal vein → Kidney → Renal veins → Postcaval vein → Sinus venosus

Pelvic Region Muscle Venous Drainage

Pelvic veins → Ventral abdominal vein → Hepatic portal vein → Liver → Hepatic vein → Postcaval vein → Sinus venosus

Abdominal Muscle Venous Drainage

Ventral abdominal vein → Hepatic portal vein → Liver → Hepatic vein → Postcaval vein → Sinus venosus

Pancreas Venous Drainage

Pancreatic vein → Hepatic portal vein → Liver → Hepatic vein → Postcaval vein → Sinus venosus

Stomach Venous Drainage

Gastric vein → Hepatic portal vein → Liver → Hepatic vein → Postcaval vein → Sinus venosus

Spleen Venous Drainage

Splenic vein → Hepatic portal vein → Liver → Hepatic vein → Postcaval vein → Sinus venosus

Small Intestines Venous Drainage

Intestinal veins → Hepatic portal vein → Liver → Hepatic vein → Postcaval vein → Sinus venosus