Ochem - Ch. 23: Metabolism and Energy Production

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Chem 106

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1
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What happens in the Citric Acid Cycle?

Acetyl CoA is oxidized to CO₂, generating NADH, FADH₂, and GTP (or ATP).

<p>Acetyl CoA is oxidized to CO₂, generating NADH, FADH₂, and GTP (or ATP).</p>
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What is the role of NADH and FADH₂?

They donate electrons to the ETC to produce ATP.

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What is the ETC?

A series of proteins in the mitochondria that transfer electrons and pump protons to create a gradient for ATP synthesis.

<p>A series of proteins in the mitochondria that transfer electrons and pump protons to create a gradient for ATP synthesis.</p>
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How is ATP produced by oxidative phosphorylation?

ATP synthase uses the proton gradient generated by the ETC to synthesize ATP from ADP and Pi.

<p>ATP synthase uses the proton gradient generated by the ETC to synthesize ATP from ADP and Pi.</p>
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How many ATP are formed from NADH and FADH₂?

NADH → ~2.5 ATP; FADH₂ → ~1.5 ATP.

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What is fatty acid oxidation (β-oxidation)?

The breakdown of fatty acids into acetyl CoA units, producing NADH and FADH₂.

<p>The breakdown of fatty acids into acetyl CoA units, producing NADH and FADH₂.</p>
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How do you calculate the number of β-oxidation cycles?

(Number of carbons ÷ 2) - 1 = cycles. Ex, C16 → 7 cycles → 8 acetyl CoA.