phonetics

/i/

close, front, unrounded

/ɪ/

close, front, unrounded vowel

/e/

close-mid, front, unrounded

/ɛ/

open-mid, front, unrounded vowel

/æ/

open, front, unrounded vowel

/ə/

mid-central, unrounded vowel

/ʌ/

open-mid, back, unrounded vowel

/ɜː/

mid-central, unrounded vowel, typically found in words like "fur" and "bird".

/u/

close, back, rounded vowel, found in words like "blue" and "true".

/ʊ/

open-mid, back, rounded vowel, found in words like "book" and "foot".

/oʊ/

close-mid, back, rounded vowel, commonly found in words like "go" and "no."

/ɔ/

open-mid, back, rounded vowel, found in words like "thought" and "law."

/ɑ/

open, back, unrounded vowel, commonly found in words like "father" and "car."

/p/

voiceless bilabial plosive, found in words like "pat" and "spat."

/b/

voiced bilabial plosive, found in words like "bat" and "cab."

/t/

voiceless alveolar plosive, found in words like "tap" and "bat."

/d/

voiced, alveolar, plosive

/k/

voiceless, velar, plosive

/g/

voiced, velar, plosive

/f/

voiceless, labiodental, fricative

/v/

voiced, labiodental, fricative

/θ/

voiceless, dental, fricative

/ð/

voiced, dental, fricative

/s/

voiceless, alveolar, fricative

/z/

voiced, alveolar, fricative

/ʃ/

voiceless, postalveolar, fricative

/ʒ/

voiced, postalveolar, fricative

/h/

voiceless, glottal, fricative

/tʃ/

voiceless, postalveolar, affricate

/dʒ/

voiced, postalveolar, affricate

/m/

voiced, bilabial, nasal

/n/

voiced, alveolar, nasal

/ŋ/

voiced, velar, nasal

/l/

voiced, alveolar, lateral approximant

/ɹ/

voiced, post-alveolar, approximant

/j/

voiced, palatal, approximant

/w/

voiced, labio-velar, approximant

fricative

a consonant speech sound produced by forcing air through a narrow channel, creating friction

affricate

a consonant sound that begins as a stop and transitions into a fricative, both made at the same place in the mouth