Textile Waste Processing

what are the 2 waste models?

• Lansink Ladder

• 10-R strategies

what is the origin of the Lansink Ladder?

• also known as the waste hierarchy

• named after Dutch parliament member Ad Lansink

• model introduced in 1979

• since 1993 Environmental Management Act (Netherlands), became a standard for dealing with waste

• from 2008, part of the EU Waste Framework Directive

what is the Lansink Ladder model?

• distinguishes 5 forms of waste management:

  • prevention, reuse, sorting/recycling, incineration and landfilling

• process waste as sustainable as possible

• provides small steps to become more sustainable as a producer

Lansink Ladder vs. 10R?

• linear vs circular

• LL - sustainable waste processing

• 10-R:

  • production focused

  • shift in focus from waste to resources, keeping raw materials in the chain

  • requires technological innovations but also major socio-institutional changes

what are the 10-R strategies?

• end of life strategies

  • recover: incineration or digest materials to recover energy

  • recycle: recovering new raw materials from old materials. (same high quality or lower quality)

• prolonging materials’ service-life

  • repurpose: using discarded products or their parts in new products with a different function

  • remanufacture: using parts of a discarded product in a new product of the same function

  • refurbish:

    • refurbishing and/or modernizing an older product, so that the improved version can be used in the product’s original function

    • bring a product that is still functional up-to-date through renovation or modernisation, in many cases increasing the basic functionality

  • repair: repair & maintenance of broken or malfunctioning product to enable continuation of its original function

  • reuse: reuse of product with the same purpose by a different user

• smart manufacturing

  • reduce: more efficient use and/or manufacture of products through the use of fewer natural resources and materials

  • rethink: intensifying product use (e.g. via product sharing or multifunctional products)

  • refuse: turning a product redundant by cancelling its function, or by substituting it with a radically different product

    • switching raw material for reducing environmental impact

applying waste strategies through MFA

• material flow analysis

• is a systematic assessment of the flows and stocks of materials within a system defined in space and time

  • basis for resource management

  • explain a system of material flows and stocks

  • reduce the complexity of the system

  • assess relevant flows and stock in quantitative terms

  • present results about flows and stocks