Studied by 18 people
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Cytoskeleton
provides support for organelles, are fibrous and maintains the shape of the cell
Robert Hooke
observed cork and coined the term “cell” in 1665
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
was the first person to describe living cells through a microscope in 1675
Compound Light Microscope
a series of lenses that magnify objects
Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow
authored the cell theory
Scanning Electron Microscope
ion coated surface that shows a 3D picture of the object
Transmission Electron Microscope
stained with metal ions
Scanning Tunneling Electron Microscope
creates a 3D surface image of a “living cell”
Prokaryotic
cells that have no membrane-bound nucleus (e.g. bacteria); most are single cells
Eukaryotic
have membrane-bound organelles and nucleus; either single-celled or multicellular
Lynn Marguli
who suggested that eukaryotes come from prokaryotes?
Plasma Membrane
a phospholipid bilayer membrane that acts gateway for the passage of substances in and out of the cell
Cytoplasm
jelly-like substance that surrounds the organelles and makes up 1/2 of the volume of the cell
Nucleus
is the command center of the cell; contains DNA and the nucleolus
Ribosomes
are the protein synthesis factories; are composed of RNA and is controlled by DNA
Mitochondria
is the powerhouse of the cell and is the site of cellular respiration; contains cristae
Endoplasmic Reticulum
bilayer of lipids used for transport within the cells
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
does not have ribosomes attached to it and is known to produce lipids
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
has ribosomes attached to it and is known for protein synthesis and lipid transport
Golgi Apparatus
is a series of unflattened closely stacked membranous sacs near the nucleus that coats enzymes; packaging factory
Centrioles
are only found in animal cells and they aid in cell division
Lysosomes
are small “suicide sacs” filled with digestive enzyme used to break down molecules within the cell
Vacuoles
storage vessels of cells
Contractile Vacuole
is a specialized vacuole to remove excess water from unicellular aquatic organisms
Chloroplasts
are only found in plant cells; they transform light energy into stored energy and are filled with chlorophyll (green pigment)
Grana
stacked membranous sacs
Stroma
the field that surrounds grana
Cell Walls
are only found in plant cells; are protective layers pf thick, dead cellulose
Cytoskeleton
assists organelles to move from one place to another
Cilia
is short, numerous, ans id hairlike; helps cells move in a wave-like beat
Flagella
is longer, and a cell has one or two of these to help them move (e.g. the tail of a sperm)
