Cell Anatomy

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Cytoskeleton

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provides support for organelles, are fibrous and maintains the shape of the cell

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Robert Hooke

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observed cork and coined the term “cell” in 1665

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31 Terms

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Cytoskeleton

provides support for organelles, are fibrous and maintains the shape of the cell

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Robert Hooke

observed cork and coined the term “cell” in 1665

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Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

was the first person to describe living cells through a microscope in 1675

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Compound Light Microscope

a series of lenses that magnify objects

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Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow

authored the cell theory

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Scanning Electron Microscope

ion coated surface that shows a 3D picture of the object

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Transmission Electron Microscope

stained with metal ions

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Scanning Tunneling Electron Microscope

creates a 3D surface image of a “living cell”

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Prokaryotic

cells that have no membrane-bound nucleus (e.g. bacteria); most are single cells

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Eukaryotic

have membrane-bound organelles and nucleus; either single-celled or multicellular

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Lynn Marguli

who suggested that eukaryotes come from prokaryotes?

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Plasma Membrane

a phospholipid bilayer membrane that acts gateway for the passage of substances in and out of the cell

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Cytoplasm

jelly-like substance that surrounds the organelles and makes up 1/2 of the volume of the cell

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Nucleus

is the command center of the cell; contains DNA and the nucleolus

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Ribosomes

are the protein synthesis factories; are composed of RNA and is controlled by DNA

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Mitochondria

is the powerhouse of the cell and is the site of cellular respiration; contains cristae

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Endoplasmic Reticulum

bilayer of lipids used for transport within the cells

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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

does not have ribosomes attached to it and is known to produce lipids

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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

has ribosomes attached to it and is known for protein synthesis and lipid transport

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Golgi Apparatus

is a series of unflattened closely stacked membranous sacs near the nucleus that coats enzymes; packaging factory

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Centrioles

are only found in animal cells and they aid in cell division

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Lysosomes

are small “suicide sacs” filled with digestive enzyme used to break down molecules within the cell

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Vacuoles

storage vessels of cells

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Contractile Vacuole

is a specialized vacuole to remove excess water from unicellular aquatic organisms

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Chloroplasts

are only found in plant cells; they transform light energy into stored energy and are filled with chlorophyll (green pigment)

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Grana

stacked membranous sacs

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Stroma

the field that surrounds grana

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Cell Walls

are only found in plant cells; are protective layers pf thick, dead cellulose

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Cytoskeleton

assists organelles to move from one place to another

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Cilia

is short, numerous, ans id hairlike; helps cells move in a wave-like beat

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Flagella

is longer, and a cell has one or two of these to help them move (e.g. the tail of a sperm)