ENGLISH 4

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Last updated 7:07 AM on 3/16/25
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23 Terms

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Research
Study of a specific problem or concern, using scientific methods.
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Historical Research
Investigate what happened in the past.
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Descriptive Research
Investigate what is happening.
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Correlational Research
Investigates what kind of relationships exist between things.
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Experimental Research
Investigates what effects an action has.
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Variables
Factors that vary in quantity or quality.
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Independent Variables
Directly affects findings of research; can be the duration, amount, frequency of treatment, or program.
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Dependent Variables
Affected by independent variables.
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Respondents, Participants, or Subjects
Individuals whom researchers gather data from.
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Sampling
Process used to select a group of respondents (sample) from a larger population as the participants of a study.
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Probability Sampling
Sampling method based on random chance.
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Simple Random Sampling
Selecting participants through random chance, like drawing straws.
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Systematic Sampling
Choosing participants by selecting every nth member of that population.
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Stratified Sampling
Creating groups or categories to choose participants from; most effective sampling method.
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Cluster Sampling
Dividing the population into clusters and choosing n clusters to sample respondents from.
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Non-Probability Sampling
Less costly and more easily implemented sampling method.
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Purposive Sampling
Choosing participants based on their qualifications or usefulness of the information they can provide.
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Convenience Sampling
Participants are chosen based on their availability or accessibility to the researcher.
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Quota Sampling
A prespecified number of participants with particular characteristics.
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Conclusions
Answers to a study’s research questions.
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Recommendations
Suggestions for other research about possible future research topics based on a study’s findings and conclusions.
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Primary Source of information
Provide firsthand accounts or direct information about a topic.
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Secondary Source of Information
Provide summaries, commentaries, analyses, etc. about a topic.