Overview of Protein Synthesis and Cellular Processes

Flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture on genetics, protein synthesis, and cellular functions.

Nucleus

The largest organelle that contains DNA, serving as a genetic library with blueprints to synthesize nearly all cellular proteins.

Gene

A segment of DNA that contains the blueprint for one polypeptide.

Triplet

A sequence of three nucleotide bases in DNA that specifies coding for the number, kind, and order of amino acids in a polypeptide.

Transcription

The process in which DNA information is encoded in mRNA.

Translation

The process of decoding information in mRNA to assemble polypeptides.

Codon

A sequence of three nucleotide bases that corresponds to a specific amino acid.

Anticodon

A sequence of three nucleotide bases on tRNA that is complementary to a codon on mRNA.

DNA Replication

The process by which DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division.

Protein Synthesis Phases

The two phases are transcription and translation.

Rough ER

A part of the endoplasmic reticulum where proteins are processed, shaped, and prepared for transport to the Golgi apparatus.