period 1 apush notes

southwest settlements(new mexico, arizona)

Pueblos

caves

cliffs

corn from mexico prompted economic growth and better irrigation systems

Northwest settlements (Alaska to Northern California)

chinook lived in permanent longhouses/ plank houses

diet based on fishing hunting and gathering nuts, berries, and roots, didnt farm

carved large totem poles

high mountain ranges restricted communication and development between tribes

Great Basin/ Great Plains

nomadic tribes (sioux, apache)

hunting buffalo which served as a resource for food, tools, clothing, and their teepees

some tribes lived in permanent places near rivers

after getting horses, it became easier for them to hunt buffalo

Mississippi River Valley

Woodland Natives

hunting fishing agriculture

Adena hopewell culture famous for large earthern mounds

large societies and traded a lot

CAHOKIA made mounds

Northeast Settlements (New York Great Lakes)

long houses

iroquois confederation democratic matrinlineal

based on maize

adena hopewell culture moved to new york but exhausted the soil from their agriculture so they had to move to fresh land often

Atlantic Seaboard Settlements (New Jersey to Florida)

Cherokee

agricultural society(maize)

descendents of the Woodland natives who made mounds and built timber and bank lodgings along rivers

New Laws of 1542

laws that gave Natives more rights that they didn’t have at all before

outlawed native slavery and forced labor and began to end the encomienda system

Bartolome de Las Casas convinced the king to be more humane to the Natives

Conservative Spainards convinced the king to repeal some of the parts of the laws

Bartolomé de Las Casas

former conquistador and encomendro but became an advocate for Native’s rights

Valladolid Debate

debate between LALALALALCASA and Juan Gines de Sepulveda (ayruveda) about whether natives deserved rights or not. LLALALA CASA on supporting side and JUAN GINES de sepulveda against it saying natives aint human

Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda

spanish priest that considered natives less than human

encomienda

system that made Natives serfs and the Spanish were encomendros who were their masters and exploited the natives

asiento

system that put taxes on every enslaved person that a colonist bought. the system that the spanish used to import africans to the americas to use for labor when the natives started dying off

slavery

forced labor after buying someone

conquistadores

spanish colonizers

Hernan cortes

conquered the Aztecs with the help of his EUROPEAN DISEASEZS WOAH WHO WOULD HAVE THOUGHT, and his native best friends who also hated the AZTECSSSSS secured central america for spain

Francisco Pizarro

conquered the incas in peru which secured latin america for spain

slave trade

trade of slaves that increased during the age of exploration and the columbian exchange. europeans used slaves for their colonies

middle passage

sea route for the trade of slaves from africa to the americas

horses

came to the new world from the old world

impacted the lives of natives and made it more efficient for them to hunt buffalos

diseases

came from the old world to the new world

decimated the native population as they had no immunity such as smallpox, measles

capitalism

the shift from feudalism to capitalism was because of the growth of trade routes and new wealth coming in from the colonies

the rise of joint stock companies to invest in sea voyages created the rise of the wealthy merchant class

people could now survive without a feudal lord because of more stable food supply and trade that brought in many resources

the growth of cities

joint-stock company

multiple people would invest into a company making the risk of losing money less

The Three sisters

squash beans, corn, nourished each other and kept away famine

sailing compass

newfound tool that helped europeans in their sea voyages

printing press

invention that spread knowledge quickly through europe

Isabella and Ferdinand

sponsored Christopher Columbus to find a new route to Asia, monarchs of spain

Christopher Columbus

spanish explorer that discovered the Americas. arrived in the Bahamas

Henry the Navigator

created a sea route around the cape of south africa which opened up trade to the ports in south africa

Treaty of Tordesillas

shifted the line of demarcation to pass brazil, which allowed the Portuguese to take brazil

Roanoke Island

first english attempt at a colony, but failed