Leg muscles

Gastrocnemius origin

Medial head - medial condyle of femur

Lateral head - lateral condyle of femur

Gastronemius insertion

Via the calcaneal tendon to the posterior surface of the calcaneus

Gastrocnemius action

Plantar flexes foot and flexes knee

What is the innervation for the posterior compartment of the leg

Tibial nerve

Plantaris origin

Inferior part of lateral supracondylar line of femur and oblique popliteal ligament of knee

Plantaris insertion

Via the calcaneal tendon to the posterior surface fo the calcaneus

Plantaris action

Plantar flexes foot and flexes knee

Soleus origin

Soleal line and medial border of tibia; posterior aspect of fibular head and

adjacent surfaces of neck and proximal shaft; tendinous arch between tibial and fibular attachments

Soleus insertion

Via the calcaneal tendon to the posterior surface of the calcaneus

Soleus action

Plantarflexes foot and flexes knee

Popliteus origin

Lateral femoral condyle

Popliteus insertion

Posterior surface of proximal tibia

Popliteus action

Stabilizes knee joint and unlocks the knee joint

Flexor hallucis longus origin

Dista 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula and adjacent interosseoous membrane of the leg

Flexor hallucis longus insertion

Plantar aspec of the base of distal phalanx of great toe

Flexor hallucis longus action

Flexes great toe, plantar flexes foot

Flexor digitorum longus origin

Medial side of posterior surface of the tibia

Flexordigitorum longus insertion

Plantar surface of bases of distal phalanges of the lateral four toes

Flexor digitorum longus action

Flexes lateral four toes

Tibiali posterior origin

Posterior surfaces of interosseous membrane and adjacent regions of tibia and fibula

Tibialis posterior insertion

Mainly to tuberosity of navicular and adjacent region of medial cuneiform

Tibialis posterior action

Inversion and plantarflexion of foot; support of medial arch of foot during walking

What is the order of the tarsal tunnel from medial to latral

Tendon of tibialis posterior

Tendon of flexor digitorum Longus

Posterior tibial artery

Posterior tibial vein

Posterior tibial nerve

Tendon of flexor hallucis longus

Gracilis origin

Body of the pubis, the inferior pubic ramus, and the ramus of the ischium

Gracilis insertion

Medial surface of proximal shaft of tibia

Gracilis action

Adducts thigh at hip joint and flexes leg at knee joint

Gracilis innervation

Obturator nerve (only a synergistic and not A prime mover)

Pectineus origin

Pectineal line of the pubic bone

Pectineus insertion

Oblique line extending from base of lesser trochanter to linea aspera on posterior surface of proximal femur

Pectineus action

Adducts and flexes thigh at the hip joint

Pectineus innervation

Femoral nerve

Adductor longus origin

External surface of body of pubis and pubic crest and lateral to pubic symphysis

Adductor longus insertion

Linea aspera on middle 1/3 of shaft of femur

Adductor longus action

Adducts and medially rotates thigh at the hip joint

Adductor longus innervation

Obturator nerve

Adductor brevis origin

External surface of body of pubis and inferior pubic ramus

Adductor brevis insertion

Posterior surface of proximal femur and upper 1/3 of linea spera

Adductor brevis action

Adducts and medically rotates thigh at the hip joint

Adductor brevis innervation

Obtuurator nerve (deeper to longus and more medially)

Adductor magnus origin

Adductor part - ischiopubic ramus

Hamstring part - ischial tuberosity

Adductor magnus insertion

Adductor tubercle and supracondylar line

Adductor magnus action

Adducts and medially rotates the thigh at the hip joint

Adductor Magnus innervation

Adductor part - obturator nerve’

Hamstring part - sciatic nerve

Obturator externus origin

External surface of obturator membrane and adjacent bone

Obturator externus insertion

Trochanteric fossa on the femur

Obturator externus action

Laterally rotates thigh at hip joint

Obturator externus innervation

Obturator nerve

Tibialis anterior origin

Lateral condyle and proximal hald of lateral surface of the tibia, adjacent interosseous membrane of leg

Tibialis anterior insertion

Inferomedial aspect of medial cuneiform bone and base of first metatarsal bone

Tibialis anterior action

Dorsiflexes foot at ankle joint; inverts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints

Tibialis anterior innervation

Deep fibula r nerve

Extensor hallucis longus origin

Medial surface of fibula and adjacent interosseous membrane of leg

Extensor hallucis long insertion

Extends great toe, dorsiflexes foot at ankle joint

Extensor hallucis longus innervation

Deep fibular nerve

Extensor digitorum longus origin

Lateral condyle of tibia, proximal ¾ of fibula, and adjacent interosseous membrane of leg

Extensor digitorum longus insertion

Dorsal aspects of bases of both the middle and distal phalanges of the second, third, fourth, and little toes

Extensor digitorum longus action

Extends four lateral toes, dorsiflexes foot at ankle joint

Extensor digitorum longus innervation

Deep fibula r nerve

Fibularis longus origin

Head and lateral surface of fibula, adjacent inter muscular septa

Fibularis longus insertion

Plantaris surface of medial cuneiform bone and base of first metatarsal bone

Fibula r is longus action

Everts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints, assists in plantarflexion of foot at ankle joint

Fibularis longus innervation

Superficial fibular nerve

Fibulari brevis origin

Lateral surface of fibula and adjacent inter muscular septa

Fibularis brevis insertion

Tuberosity of fifth metatarsal bone

Fibularis brevis action

Everts foot at rubtalar and transverse tarsal tarsal joints, assists in plantarflexion of foot at ankle joint

Fibularis brevis innervation

Superficial fibular nerve

External oblique origin

External surface of ribs 5-12

External oblique insertion

Aponeurosis of linea alba, anterior half of iliac crest

External oblique action

Compresses and supports abdominal visceral, flexes and rotates trunk

External oblique innervation

Ventral rami of 6 inferior thoracic nerves (T7-T12)

Internal oblique origin

Thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest between origins of external oblique and trans versus abdominals; lateral 2/3 of inguinal ligament

Internal oblique insertiion

Inferior border of the lower three or four ribs; aponeurosis ending in linea alba

Internal oblique action

Compress abdominal contents; both muscles flex trunk, each muscle bends trunk and turns anterior part of abdomen on same side

Internal oblique innervation

Anterior rami of lower 6 thoracic spinal nerves (T7-T12and L1)

Transversus abdominus origin

Thoracolumbar fascia, medial lip of iliac crest, lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament, costal cartilages of lower

Tranversus abdominus insertion

Aponeurosisending in linea alba, pubic crest and pectineal line

Transversus abdominus action

Compress abdominal contents

Transversus abdominus innervation

Anterior rami of lower 6 thoracic spinal nerves (T7-T12 and L1)

Rectus abdominus origin

Pubic crest, pubic tubercle, and pubic symphysis

Rectus abdominus innervation

Costal cartilages of ribs V-VII, xiphoid process

Rectus abdominus action

Compress abdominal contents; flex vertebral column, tense abdominal wall

Rectus abdominus innervation

Anterior rami mainl of lower 6 thoracic spinal nerves