FOREARM AND ELBOW MUSCLES + BONES

Pronator Teres

  · Origin: Ulnar Head: Medial border of the coronoid process of the ulna; Humeral Head: Medial epicondyle of humerus

  · Insertion: Lateral aspect of shaft of radius

  · Nerve Supply: Median

  · Action: Flexion of elbow and pronation of the forearm

· Flexor Carpi Radialis

  · Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus

  · Insertion: Bases of second and third metacarpal bones

  · Nerve Supply: Median

  · Action: Flexes and abducts hand at wrist joint

· Palmaris Longus

  · Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus

  · Insertion: Flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis

  · Nerve Supply: Median

  · Action: Flexes hand

· Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

  · Origin: Humeral Head: Medial aspect of olecranon process and posterior border of ulna; Ulnar Head: Medial epicondyle of humerus

  · Insertion: Pisiform bone, hook of the hamate, base at fifth metacarpal bone

  · Nerve Supply: Ulnar

  · Action: Flexes and abducts hand at wrist joint

· Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

  · Origin: Humeroulnar Head: Medial epicondyle of humerus, medial border of coronoid process of ulna; Radial Head: Oblique line on anterior surface of shaft of radius

  · Insertion: Middle phalanx of medial four fingers

  · Nerve Supply: Median

  · Action: Flexes middle phalanx of fingers and assists in flexing proximal phalanx and hand

· Flexor Pollicis Longus

  · Origin: Anterior surface of shaft of radius

  · Insertion: Distal phalanx of thumb

  · Nerve Supply: Anterior interosseous branch of median nerve

  · Action: Flexes distal phalanx of thumb

· Flexor Digitorum Profundus

  · Origin: Anteromedial surface of shaft of ulna

  · Insertion: Distal phalanges of medial four fingers

  · Nerve Supply: Ulnar (Medial half), Median (Lateral half)

  · Action: Flexes distal phalanx of fingers then assists in flexion of middle and proximal phalanges and wrist

· Pronator Quadratus

  · Origin: Anterior surface of the shaft of ulna

  · Insertion: Anterior surface of the shaft of radius

  · Nerve Supply: Anterior interosseous branch of median nerve

  · Action: Pronates the forearm

· Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

  · Origin: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

  · Insertion: Posterior surface of base of third metacarpal bone

  · Nerve Supply: Deep branch of radial nerve

  · Action: Extends and abducts hand at wrist joint

· Extensor Digitorum

  · Origin: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

  · Insertion: Middle and distal phalanges of four fingers

  · Nerve Supply: Deep branch of radial nerve

  · Action: Extends fingers and hands

· Extensor Digiti Minimi

  · Origin: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

  · Insertion: Extensor expansion of the little finger

  · Nerve Supply: Deep branch of radial nerve

  · Action: Extends metacarpal phalangeal joint of little finger

· Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

  · Origin: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

  · Insertion: Base of 5th metacarpal bone

  · Nerve Supply: Deep branch of radial nerve

  · Action: Extends and adducts hand at wrist joint

· Anconeus

  · Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

  · Insertion: Lateral surface of the olecranon process of ulna

  · Nerve Supply: Radial

  · Action: Extends elbow joint

Supinator

  · Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus, annular ligament of proximal radioulnar joint and ulna

  · Insertion: Neck and shaft of radius

  · Nerve Supply: Deep branch of radial nerve

  · Action: Supination of forearm

· Abductor Pollicis Longus

  · Origin: Posterior surfaces of shafts of radius and ulna

  · Insertion: Base of first metacarpal bone

  · Nerve Supply: Deep branch of radial nerve

  · Action: Abducts and extends thumb

· Extensor Pollicis Brevis

  · Origin: Posterior shafts of radius

  · Insertion: Base of proximal phalanx of thumb

  · Nerve Supply: Deep branch of radial nerve

  · Action: Extends metacarpophalangeal joints of thumb

· Extensor Pollicis Longus

  · Origin: Posterior shafts of ulna

  · Insertion: Base of distal phalanx of thumb

  · Nerve Supply: Deep branch of radial nerve

  · Action: Extends distal phalanx of thumb

· Extensor Indicis

  · Origin: Posterior shafts of radius

  · Insertion: Extensor expansion of index finger

  · Nerve Supply: Deep branch of radial nerve

  · Action: Extends metacarpophalangeal joint of index finger

extensor carpi radialis longus

O: lateral supracondylar ridge humerus

I: 2nd metacarpal base

N: radial

A: extend and abduct hand

brachioradialis

O: lateral supracondylar ridge humerus

I: styloid process radius

N: radial

A: Flexes forearm at elbow joint; Rotates the forearm to the mid-prone position

Biceps Brachii Long Head

O: Supraglenoid tubercle scapula

I: Radial tuberosity, bicipital aponeurosis

N: Musculocutaneous

A: Flexes elbow joint, supinator

olecranon (ulna)

Biceps Brachii Short Head

O: Coracoid process scapula

I: Radial tuberosity, bicipital aponeurosis

N: Musculocutaneous

A: Supinator, flexes elbow when arm already supinated (?)

radial notch (ulna)

Coracobrachialis

O: Coracoid process scapula

I: Medial shaft humerus

N: Musculocutaneous

A: Flexor at elbow joint

Brachialis

O: Lower half humerus

I: Coronoid process ulna

N: Musculocutaneous

A: Flexor

braCHialis

tuberosity (ulna)

supinator fossa (ulna)

head (ulna)

triceps brachii long head

O: infraglenoid tubercle scapula

I: olecranon

N: Radial

A: extensor

triceps brachii medial head

O: lower half shaft humerus (posterior)

I: olecranon

N: radial

A: extensor

triceps brachii lateral head

O: upper half shaft humerus (posterior)

I: olecranon

N: radial

A: extensor