Treating Pain Lecture Flashcards

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering basic pain management concepts, psychological interventions, and educational strategies based on the provided lecture notes.

Nociceptive pain

Simple pain originating from a clear source that can be addressed through direct treatment methods and fixing underlying issues.

Internal Locus of Control

The concept of helping patients understand their own role in recovery and promoting the idea that they have control over their health.

Mechanotransduction

A process promoted by early movement that facilitates healing at the cellular level and involves a specific tissue injury perspective.

Fear of Movement

A powerful predictor of persistent pain that causes significant cortical changes and reinforces fear avoidance behavior in the long term.

Therapeutic Alliance

The bond of trust and rapport established between a provider and patient, often enhanced by touch during a skilled physical examination.

Biopsychosocial Approach

A balanced focus on the biological nature of a problem while also considering psychological factors like fear avoidance and social factors like financial restrictions.

Pain Neuroscience Education (PNE)

An educational approach emerging in the 1990s that uses metaphors to explain pain mechanisms, aiming to reduce disability and catastrophizing.

Central sensitization

A condition involving heightened sensitivity to pain which serves as a primary indicator for the use of PNE.

PNE+

A clinical protocol where Pain Neuroscience Education is paired with exercise and movement rather than being used as a stand-alone treatment.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Considered the gold standard for persistent pain, this involves changing beliefs, attitudes, and coping skills to influence feelings through controlled thoughts.

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)

A therapy focusing on non-reactivity to negative thoughts and increasing psychological flexibility rather than symptom reduction.

The 4 Rs of Trauma-Informed Care

A framework consisting of: Realizing widespread impact, Recognizing signs and symptoms, Responding by integrating knowledge, and Resisting re-traumatization.

Motivational Interviewing

A collaborative, person-centered approach that explores and resolves ambivalence to draw out an individual's own motivation for change.

OARS

An acronym for motivational interviewing techniques: Open-ended questions, Affirmations, Reflections, and Summaries.

Positive Psychology

A practice linked with increased endogenous opioid use that focuses on gratitude, mindfulness, self-compassion, and savoring pleasure.

Red Flags

Critical indicators assessed through intake forms and objective screening to confirm appropriate treatment or necessary referral.

Prognostication

The process of providing clear timelines for symptom improvement and setting functional movement goals for recovery.

"Words that Heal"

The practice of using non-threatening language, such as "normal age changes" instead of "degenerative changes," to improve patient outcomes.

Metaphors (in PNE)

Easy-to-understand comparisons, such as the "sensitive alarm system," used to replace technical terms like neuroanatomy or physiology.

Neuroplastic pain

One of the three identified biological types of pain alongside nociceptive and neuropathic pain.