Untitled Flashcards Set

DNS

Domain Name System

Port 53

The port used for DNS.

SSH

Secure Shell, a protocol that uses port 22.

HTTPS

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure, uses port 443.

HTTP

Hypertext Transfer Protocol, uses port 80.

DHCP

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, used to automatically assign IP addresses.

DHCP Ports

Ports 67 (server) and 68 (client) are used for DHCP.

SMTP

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, used to send email.

Port 25

The port used for SMTP.

POP3

Post Office Protocol version 3, downloads email to a local client.

IMAP

Internet Message Access Protocol, syncs email across multiple devices.

Telnet

A protocol that uses port 23 for insecure remote access.

RDP

Remote Desktop Protocol, uses port 3389.

SNMP

Simple Network Management Protocol monitors network devices.

Port 161

The port used by SNMP.

FTP

File Transfer Protocol.

FTP Ports

Ports 20 (data) and 21 (control) used by FTP.

ARP

Address Resolution Protocol, resolves IP to MAC addresses.

MAC Address

A unique hardware address for Network Interface Cards.

IP Address

A logical address used to identify a device on a network.

Default Gateway

The router that forwards traffic to external networks.

Subnet Mask

Determines the network vs. host portion of an IP.

Loopback IP Address

The IP address 127.0.0.1.

CIDR Notation

IP addressing format using a slash (e.g., /24).

Private IP Ranges

Includes 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0–172.31.255.255, and 192.168.0.0/16.

Ping

A tool that tests network connectivity.

Tracert

A tool that traces the path to a host (Windows).

Traceroute

A tool that traces the path to a host (Linux).

Ipconfig

Command showing IP configuration (Windows).

Ifconfig

Command showing IP configuration (Linux).

Nslookup

A tool that looks up DNS records.

Dig

A tool that looks up DNS records.

Router

Device that connects multiple networks.

Switch

Device that connects devices within the same LAN.

Hub

An outdated device that broadcasts to all ports.

Access Point

Device that provides wireless connectivity.

OSI Model Mnemonic

All People Seem To Need Data Processing.

Layer 3

Network layer, responsible for routing.

Layer 2

Data Link layer, handles MAC addresses.

Layer 1

Physical layer, deals with cables and signals.

Layer 5

Session layer, manages sessions and communication setup.

Layer 6

Presentation layer, encrypts data.

Transport Layer

Responsible for end-to-end communication, TCP/UDP.

TCP

A connection-oriented protocol with error checking.

UDP

Connectionless protocol, fast, no guaranteed delivery.

NAT

Network Address Translation, translates private IPs to public.

PAT

Port Address Translation, multiple devices share one IP.

VLAN

Virtual LAN, logically segments networks.

VPN

Virtual Private Network.

Purpose of VPN

Secure remote access over public networks.

Firewall

Device or software filtering traffic based on rules.

IDS

Intrusion Detection System.

IPS

Intrusion Prevention System.

AAA

Authentication, Authorization, Accounting.

SSID

Service Set Identifier, the Wi-Fi network name.

WPA2

Provides secure wireless encryption.

MIMO

Multiple Input, Multiple Output, improves wireless performance.

2.4 GHz

Frequency that offers greater range but lower speed.

RJ45

Connector for Ethernet.

Patch Panel

Central point for network cable management.

Fiber Optic

Higher speed, longer distance, EMI resistance compared to copper.

EMI

Electromagnetic Interference.

UTP

Unshielded Twisted Pair, common Ethernet cable.