Atoms and Subatomic Particles

Flashcards covering the basic structure of atoms, common elements in living organisms, and the properties of subatomic particles based on the lecture notes.

Atoms

The smallest particle in nature which makes up all matter; each atom belongs to a particular element.

Element

A classification for atoms; there are almost $100$ natural instances found in nature.

Top Six Most Common Elements in Living Organisms

Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Calcium, and Phosphorus.

Trace Elements

Elements required for life in very small amounts, such as iron.

Subatomic Particles

The three types of particles that make up an atom: protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Charge

An electrical property of subatomic particles; different charges attract and like (the same) charges repel.

Nucleus

One of the two primary regions of an atom, located at the center, containing protons and neutrons.

Protons

Subatomic particles that live in the nucleus and have a positive charge.

Neutrons

Subatomic particles that live in the nucleus and have a neutral charge.

Electrons

Very small subatomic particles with a negative charge that move fast and orbit the nucleus.

Electron Cloud

The orbiting region surrounding the nucleus where electrons are found, often shown as a blue shading rather than individual particles.