The Periodontium Flashcards

Flashcards about the Periodontium

Periodontium

Tissues that support the teeth.

Gingival unit

Part of the periodontium that includes the free gingiva, attached gingiva, and alveolar mucosa.

Attachment unit (attachment apparatus)

Part of the periodontium that includes the cementum, alveolar process, and periodontal ligament.

Free Gingiva

Gum tissue that extends from the gingival margin to the base of the gingival sulcus.

Marginal Gingiva

Another name for Free Gingiva

Gingival papilla

The triangular interdental space where free gingiva is located.

Interdental papilla

Also known as the gingival papilla

Free gingival groove

A groove outside the free gingiva, not always present.

Lamina propria

Connective tissue fibers that intermingle with the fibers of the attached gingiva and the periodontal ligament.

Attached Gingiva

Gingiva that is not mobile and attached to the bone underneath.

Rete peg formation

The irregular binding of the epithelium to bone by collagen fibers, causes the stippling.

Sharpey’s fibers

Fibers embedded in the cementum or alveolar bone that keep the gingiva closely attached to the tooth surface.

Alveolar Mucosa

Covers the buccal surfaces of the mandibular and maxillary teeth and the lingual surfaces of mandibular teeth.

Mucogingival junction

Where the attached gingiva meets the alveolar mucosa.

Cementum

Hard, bonelike tissue covering the roots of teeth.

Periodontal ligament

Tissue that surrounds the roots of teeth and connects them to alveolar bone.

Alveolar bone

Thin covering of compact bone that surrounds teeth.

Cementoblasts

Cells that form cementum.

Cellular cementum

Type of cementum where cementoblasts are embedded, covers apical portion of root.

Acellular cementum

Type of cementum free of embedded cementoblasts, covers the cervical third of the root.

Alveolar bone proper

Lines the sockets in which the roots of teeth are held.

Alveolus

The socket in which the tooth rests.

Bundle bone

Forms the inner bone of the alveolus.

Lamina dura

Attachment lining of bone around the tooth.

Alveolar process

Surrounds and supports teeth in the maxilla and mandible.

Cortical bone

Surrounds the outside of the alveolar process, dense compact bone.

Trabecular bone

Forms the inside of the alveolar process, softer cancellous bone.

Interdental Bone or Interdental Septum

Trabecular bone located between teeth

Interradicular Bone or Interradicular Septum

Trabecular Bone located between roots.

Basal bone

Main part of the maxilla and mandible that supports the alveolar process.

Periodontal Ligament (PDL)

Meshwork of collagenous connective fibers that surrounds the tooth and helps hold it in alveolar bone.

Alveolar crest group

PDL group that runs from the cervical area to the alveolar crest.

Horizontal group

PDL group that runs horizontally from tooth to alveolar bone.

Oblique group

PDL group that runs obliquely from tooth to bone.

Apical group

PDL group that runs apically from tooth to bone.

Interradicular group

PDL group that runs between roots of multirooted teeth.

Gingival sulcus

Space facing the sulcular gingiva.

Dentogingival junction

Where the tooth surface meets the gingival tissue.

Masticatory mucosa

Makes up both free and attached gingiva, dense and has thick epithelial covering

Alveolar mucosa

Lines the rest of the mouth, thin and freely moveable.

0.5 to 2mm

The average depth (in mm) of the gingival sulcus.

Gingival papilla

Inner portion lined with nonkeratinized epithelium

Gingival papilla

Outer portion covered with keratinized epithelium

Supportive

Function of the attachment unit that maintains support for teeth and prevents movement

Nutritive

Function of the attachment unit with Blood vessels

Formative

Function of the attachment unit with Cementoblasts, fibroblasts, osteoblasts

Sensory

Function of the attachment unit with Nerves

Calculas, plaque, food accumulation trigger an inflammatory process

The clinical significance of the gingival sulcus

Surrounds the tooth and suspends the tooth like a hammock in the socket

Function of the Periodontal Ligament.

Prevents tooth from being pushed into bone

Function of the Periodontal Ligament.

Embedded cementum

The location of cementoblasts in cellular cementum

Free of embedded cementoblasts

The location of acellular cementum

Gingival Papilla

Shape is affected by location of contact area of adjacent teeth, shape of interproximal surface of adjacent teeth, and cementoenamel junction of adjacent teeth

Underlying mucosa

Dense collagen fibers located in the gingival unit

Cementoblasts, Fibroblasts, Osteoblasts

Cells that replace cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone

Non-keratinized Squamous Epithelium

The type of epithelium that lines the sulcular gingiva

Apposition of new layers, like bone

Cementum grows by…

Sharpey's Fibers

Keeps the gingiva closely attached to the tooth surface

Make orthodontics possible

The significance of adaptability and versatility of the PDL

Submucosa

Contains loose connective tissue, fat, and muscle fibers

Dentogingival Junction

Area where bacteria can invade the body

Gingival Sulcus

Free gingiva is separated fromthe tooth by the…

Supporting

The gingival units are a (supporting/attaching) structure?

Attachment Apparatus

Another name for the attachment unit

Keratinized cells

Cells of the masticatory mucosa

Interdental papilla

Located in the interdental depression

Alveolar mucosa

Located near the inferior labial frenum.

Circular Fibers

Collagen fibers that encircle teeth and tie them together.

true

The attachement units are related to the gingival unit (true/false)

Lamina Propria Fibers

Fibers don't embed in bone or cementum.

Light to dark pink

Attached gingiva color ranges from…

Less

Attached gingiva is (more/less) fragile than free gingiva.

Vascular

Alveolar Mucosa is (Vascular/Not Vascular)

Collagenous Connective Fibers

PDL is a tiny meshwork of…

Interradicular Septum

Located between roots of multirooted teeth.

False

Alveolar bone is composed of lining mucosa (True/False)

Firm

Keep the free gingiva _.

Hard Palate

Dense collagen fibers are also found on the .

Nonkeratinized

The inner protion of the gingival papilla is lined with __ epithelium.

Keratinized

The outer portion of the gingival papilla is covered with __ epithelium.

Blood Vessels, Nerves and Lymph Vessels

The alveolar bone proper has many openings for _.

Nerves

Cells that indicate pressure or pain.

Blood Vessels

Alveolar Mucosa is more red than the gingiva because of shallow .

True

Cementum has Sharpey's fibers embedded (True/False)

Outside

Cortical Bone surrounds the of the alveolar process.

Bone

The lamina dura is the attachment lining of _ around the tooth.

Teeth

The interdental spectrum is between the .

Bone

Sharpey's fibers can extend to the gingiva, tooth to _, or tooth to tooth.

Alveolar Mucosa

Mucogingival junction joins the attache gingiva at the .

Triangular

Interdental Papilla is located in the interdental spaces.

Sulcular Gingiva

Gingival sulcus is the space that faces the __.

Orange

Attached gingiva appears stippled, like the surface of an .

Horizontal

_ of the PDL group run horizontally tooth to alveolar bone.

Pink

Free gingiva usually has light color.

Movement

Maintain support for teeth and prevent .

Interproximal

The space between adjacent teeth is called

Moveable

Alveolar Mucosa is freely (Moveable/Immoveable)

Spongy Bone

Another name for the trabecular bone

Bone

Prevents tooth from being pushed into .

Hard

Cementum is a (Hard/Soft) bonelike tissue.