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What is the purpose of sourcing a document?

To determine what the source is saying and to identify any potential bias, helping in interpreting it accurately.

What is a primary source?

Documents created at the time of the event, such as photos, journals, and interviews.

What is a secondary source?

Documents created after the event that interpret or comment on primary sources, like textbooks and biographies.

What does the New Laws of the Indies refer to?

Laws enacted in 1542 that abolished slavery and the encomienda system in order to provide better treatment for Native Americans.

What was the Encomienda System?

A labor system where Native Americans were forced to work for Spanish settlers in exchange for protection.

What does the term 'Caste system' refer to in the context of Spanish colonization?

A social hierarchy in Spanish colonies based on race and ethnicity, leading to mixed populations like mestizo and mulatto.

Who was Bartolomé de las Casas?

A Spanish missionary who advocated for the better treatment of Native Americans and opposed the encomienda system.

What is the 'Black Legend'?

A narrative that vilifies the Spanish for their treatment of Native Americans, largely popularized by Bartolomé de las Casas.

What does 'Indentured Servitude' mean?

A contractual agreement where a person works for a specific period in exchange for passage to America and eventual freedom.

What event does the term 'Fall of Constantinople' refer to?

The capture of Constantinople by the Ottoman Empire in 1453, marking the end of the Byzantine Empire.

What motivated European exploration according to the syllabus?

The desire for Gold, Glory, and God, significantly influenced by mercantilism and competing nation-states.

What were the implications of the Protestant Reformation on European colonization?

The Reformation led to religious conflict and competition among European powers, influencing their motivations for exploration and colonization.

What does the term 'universe of obligation' mean?

The circle of individuals and groups that one feels responsible for or committed to protect.

What does 'historical context' mean?

The circumstances and conditions surrounding historical events that help explain why those events happened.

What role did gender identity play in colonial Virginia?

Gender identity influenced social structure and labor systems, affecting individuals' inclusion and rights within the community.

What is the 'Land Bridge Theory'?

A hypothesis suggesting that the first Americans migrated from Asia to North America via a land bridge during the last Ice Age.

What does 'contextualization' refer to in historical studies?

The practice of placing events, documents, or ideas within the larger historical narrative or circumstances surrounding them.

Who presented the 'Argument for the enslavement of Native Americans'?

Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda, who argued that Native Americans were 'natural slaves' and justified Spanish presence in the New World.