apwh dar al islam

abbasid caliphate

islamic dynasty (750-1258 CE) that ruled much of the muslim world and moved the capital to baghdad, ushering in a golden age of learning, trade, and cultural blending

baghdad

the abbasid capital city, located along trade routes connecting asia, europe, and africa, became a major center of learning and commercial prosperity

caliph

the political and religious leader of the muslim community who succeeded muhammad after his death

caliphate

a state under the leadership of an islamic steward known as a caliph, who ruled in both political and religious matters

dar al-islam

literally "the house of islam"; lands where islam is the dominant faith and islamic law and culture influence society

dynasty

a line of rulers from the same family who maintain power over several generations

entities

distinct political, cultural or religious groups or regions that exist within or alongside larger empires

house of wisdom

a major learning center in baghdad where scholars translated greek, persian, and indian texts into arabic, preserving and expanding word knowledge

ibn battuta

a muslim traveler and scholar who visited much of the islamic world and recorded detailed observations about the societies he encountered

islamic golden age

a period of great intellectual, scientific, and cultural achievements under muslim rule, especially during the abbasid caliphate

jizya tax

a tax paid by non-muslims living under muslim rule in exchange for protection and exemption from military service

mamluk

an enslaved person in dar al-islam

mamluk sultanate

a political state in egypt established by former slave soldiers (makluks) who overthrew the ayyubid dynasty and ruled from 1250 to 1517

maritime

having to do with sea. typically referring to the trade, travel or military of a country

meritocracy

a system of promotion based on ability and learning rather than birth; evident in islamic bureaucracy where scholars earned posts through study

prophet

a person regarded as a messenger of god; in islam, muhammad is considered the final prophet

prosperity

a state of economic success and stability, seen in the abbasid empire due to trade, urban growth, and agricultural expansion

qur'an

the holy book of islam, believed to be the word of god as revealed to the prophet muhammad

sharia

islamic law derived from the qur'an and hadith, regulates moral conduct, family life, business, and government

sufism

a mystical brand of islam emphasizing spiritual connection with god through prayer, poetry and meditation

sultan

a muslim sovereign or ruler, especially used for leaders of later islamic states such as the seljuk and ottoman empires

trade networks

systems of exchange (including the silk roads, indian ocean, and trans-saharan routes) that spread goods, people, and ideas across dar al-islam

urbanization

the growth of cities due to commercial activity, scholarly centers, and migration within the islamic world