Head and Neck Anatomy Terms & Definitions Pre-Exam Study

Planes of the body

1. Coronal

2. Sagittal

3. Axial

Terms of Direction

1. Ventral

2. Dorsal

3. Rostral

4. Caudal

Terms of Direction

1. Medial: toward midline

2. Lateral: away from midline

3. Superficial: closer to the surface

4. Deep: away from surface

5. Proximal: towards the attachment

6. Distal: away from the attachment

Bilateral

1. Both sides of an anatomic structure

2. Used to describe if both eyes are red

3. Used to describe if both sides of the body are weak

Anatomical position

1. Body is standing or lying erect

2. Eyes are forward

3. Feet are forward

4. Palms are forward and thumbs are out

Coronal

1. Divides into a front and back

2. An anatomic cut from ear to ear

3. An anatomic cut through the both eyes

4. An anatomic cut through the mouth

Axial

1. Divides into top and bottom

2. An anatomic cut from ear to ear

3. An anatomic cut through both eyes

4. An anatomic cut through the mouth

5. Also called a transverse cut

6. Also called a horizontal cut

Sagittal

1. Divides into right and left

2. An anatomic cut from the nose to the back of the head

3. An anatomic cut through only one eye

4. An anatomic cut through only one ear

5. An anatomic cut through the mouth

Dorsal

1. Also known as posterior

2. Refers to the back of the anatomical structure

Bones of the face (14)

1. Nasal (x2)

2. Maxillary (x2)

3. Lacrimal (x2)

4. Palatine (x2)

5. Zygomatic (x2)

6. Vomer

7. Inferior nasal conchae (x2)

8. Mandible

Ventral

1. Also known as anterior

2. Refers to the front of an anatomical structure

Cranial

1. Also known as superior

2. Also known as cephalic

3. Indicates towards the head of the human

Caudal

1. Also known as inferior

2. Also known as "to the tail"

3. Indicates towards the tail/bone of a human

Rostral

Indicates towards the nose/beak

Unilateral

1. One side of an anatomic structure

2. Used to describe if one eye is red

3. Used to describe if one sides of the body are weak

Ipsilateral

1. Refers to the lesion and deficit on the same side of the body

2. Can describe the relationship between the right eye and right ear

3. Refers to two things on the same side of the body

Contralateral

1. Refers to the lesion and deficit on the opposite side of the body

2. Can describe the relationship between the right eye and left ear

3. Refers to two things on the opposite side of the body

Bones that can be seen from the superior cranium

1. Frontal

2. Parietal

3. Occipital

Bones that can be seen on the lateral cranium

1. Sphenoid

2. Temporal

3. Occipital

4. Frontal

5. Parietal

6. Zygomatic

Paired bones (8): My New Potty Trained Zebra Peed In Lake

1. Maxillary

2. Nasal

3. Parietal

4. Temporal

5. Zygomatic

6. Parietal

7. Inferior nasal conchae

8. Lacrimal

Solitary bones (6) VOMSEF

1. Vomer

2. Occipital

3. Mandibular (Mandible)

4. Sphenoid

5. Ethmoid

6. Frontal

Temporal bone

1. Squamous

2. Tympanic

3. Petro-mastoid

4. Styloid

5. Has 4 parts

6. Paired bone

7. Lateral to sphenoid bone

8. Located in the middle cranial fossa

9. Anterior to occipital bone

10. Posterior to the frontal bone

11. Inferior to the parietal bone

12. Surrounds external auditory meatus

13. On the lateral aspect of the skull

Sphenoid

1. On the lateral aspect of the skull

2. Inferior to the frontal bone

3. Anterior to the temporal bone

4. Posterior to the maxillary bone

5. Superior to the mandible

6. Lateral to the ethmoid

7. Has 4 parts:

8. Lesser wing

9. Greater wing

10. Pterygoid process (allows for jaw movement)

11. Body of this bone

12. Solitary

13. In the middle cranial fossa

14. Contains a sinus

15. In the lateral wall of the orbit

Bones that form zygomatic arch

1. Temporal process of the zygomatic (closer to the face)

2. Zygomatic process of the temporal

Bones of the inferior orbit

1. Maxillary

2. Zygomatic

3. Palatine

Bones of the medial orbit

1. Sphenoid

2. Ethmoid

3. Lacrimal

4. Maxillary

Bones of the lateral orbit

1. Zygomatic

2. Great wing of sphenoid

Bones of the superior orbit

1. Frontal

2. Lesser wing of sphenoid

Located in the posterior cranial fossa

1. Occipital lobe

2. Cerebellum

Located in the middle cranial fossa

1. Sphenoid bone

2. Temporal bone

3. Temporal lobe

Located in the anterior cranial fossa

1. Frontal bone

2. Ethmoid bone

Maxillary

1. Contains a sinus

2. In the inferior wall of the orbit

3. Immediately lateral to the nasal bone

4. Immediately medial to the zygomatic

Ethmoid

1. Solitary

2. Cristal galli

3. Cribriform plate

4. Horizontal plate

5. Orbital plate

6. Air cells

7. Perpendicular plate

8. Has more than 4 parts

9. Middle Nasal Concha

10. Superior Nasal concha

11. In the anterior cranial fossa

12. Is in the medial wall of the orbit

13. Immediately superior to the inferior nasal conchae

Lacrimal Bone

1. Paired bone

2. In the medial wall of the orbit

3. Immediately posterior to the maxillary bone

4. In the orbit

5. Bone between the maxillary and ethmoid

Mandible

1. Coronoid process

2. Condyle

3. Angle

4. Body

5. Ramus

6. More than 4 parts

Vomer

1. Latin for plowshare

2. Inferior to the nasal bones

3. Immediately superior to the mandible

Zygomatic bone

1. Immediately lateral to the maxillary bone

2.Inferior lateral to the frontal bone in the orbit.

Bones of the orbital margin

1. Frontal

2. Maxillary

3. Zygomatic

4. Ethmoid

5. Sphenoid

6. Palatine

7. Lacrimal

What angle can you see the frontal lobe from?

1. Top

2. Lateral

What angle can you see the parietal lobe from?

1. Top

2. Side

3. Back

What angle can you see occipital lobe from?

1. Top

2. Side

3. If you flip it

Frontal bone

1. Anterior to the occipital bone

2. Forms the roof of the orbit

3. In the anterior cranial fossa

4. Contains a sinus

5. In the superior wall of the orbit

6. Immediately anterior to parietal bone

Sinuses

1. Frontal

2. Sphenoid

3. Maxillary

Which of the following bones cannot be seen from a lateral view of the skull?

Ethmoid

Which one is in middle cranial fossa?

Sphenoid

Know where parietal bone is on the skull

posterior the frontal lobe

Know where the occipital bone is on the skull

posterior to the parietal lobe

What type of cut is this picture?

axial

Foramen

Hole

Fissure

Opening, "Ditch" with length

Name the fissures

1. Superior orbital fissure

2. Petrotympanic fissure

3. Pterygomacillary fissure

Superior orbital fissure

1. Located superior in the orbit

2. Formed by the lesser and greater wing of sphenoid

In the brain, we refer to gray matter as:

1. Neuronal cell body

2. Where the cell body is (more external)

Supraorbital foramen

1. May be a notch instead of a foramen in some

Name the foramens

1. Optic foramen

2. Infraorbital foramen

3. Supraorbital foramen

4. Anterior ethmoidal foramen

5. Posterior ethmoidal foramen

6. Zygomatic-orbital foramen

7. Zygomatic-facial foramen

8. Zygomatic-temporal foramen

9. Foramen rotundum

10. Foramen ovale

11. Foramen spinosum

12. Foramen lacerum

13. Foramen Jugular

14. Foramen Magnum

15. Anterior condyloid foramen (hypoglossal)

16. Posterior condyloid foramen

17. Stylomastoid foramen

18. Carotid foramen

Optic foramen

1. In the lesser wing of sphenoid

Infraorbital foramen

Foramen in medial orbit

1. Anterior ethmoidal foramen

2. Posterior ethmoidal foramen

Orbital openings

1. Nasolacrimal canal

2. Zygomatico-orbital foramen (lateral)

3. Anterior ethmoidal foramen (medial)

4. Posterior ethmoidal foramen (medial)

Zygomatico-facial foramen

1. In zygomatic bone, on the face

2. There are 2 more small foramen like this

Fossae of cranial cavity

1. Anterior cranial fossa

2. Medial cranial fossa

3. Posterior cranial fossa

Temporal Fossa

above the zygomatic arch

Foramen Ovale

Zygomatico-temporal foramen

1. In zygomatic bone, in the region of your temple

2. There are 2 more small foramen like this

3. Behind the cheek bone

Zygomatico-orbital foramen

1. In zygomatic bone, within the orbit

2. There are 2 more small foramen like this

Openings of the anterior cranial fossa

1. Cribriform plate

Cribriform plate

1. Related to olfactory nerves by the olfactory bulbs that overly it

2. Gives the sense of smell

Landmarks of the anterior cranial fossa

1. Crista galli

2. Orbital plate of the frontal bone roof

3. Ethmoid (orbital plate, orbital cavity)

Landmarks in the lateral skull

temporal fossa, infratemporal fossa,

Orbital plate of the frontal bone roof

Openings of the middle cranial fossa

1. Optic foramen

2. Foramen rotundum

3. Foramen ovale

4. Foramen spinosum

5. Foramen lacerum

6. Hiatus of facial canal

Hiatus of facial canal

1. Very small opening

2. Inside temporal bone

3. Nerve that leaves facial

Find petrous portion of temporal bone and look for small opening on the side of the mountain in the middle cranial fossa

Crista galli

1. Attachment site dura

2. Sticks out like a mountain

Foramen rotundum

1. Small round opening in sphenoid bone

Foramen ovale

1. Larger, oval opening

2. Posterior aspect of Sphenoid bone

Foramen lacerum

1. Appears lacerated (jagged edge)

2. Not a true foramen

3. Formed between sphenoid and temporal bone

Foramen spinosum

1. Small opening immediately lateral to Ovale

2. In sphenoid bone

3. Next to sphenoid spine

Sinuses in the fossa part 1

Sinuses in the fossa part 2

Landmarks of the posterior cranial fossa

1. Clivus (occipital bone)

2.

Structures traversing openings of the posterior cranial fossa

1. Anterior condyloid foramen (aka hypoglossal)

2. Posterior condyloid foramen (inconsistent)

3. Occipital condyles: (articulate with first cervical vertebrae; the atlas)

-Sometimes they communicate

Openings of the posterior cranial fossa

Internal auditory meatus, foramen magnum (in occipital bone), jugular foramen, anterior and posterior condyloid foramens

jugular foramen

formed by the junction of the temporal and occipital bone

Landmarks of the middle cranial fossa

1. Sella turcica (Turkish saddle)

2. Dorsam sellae

3. Tuberculum sellae

4. Anterior clinoid process

5. Posterior clinoid process

6. Chiasmatic groove

7. Carotid groove

8. Arcuate eminence

9. Trigeminal impression

Posterior clinoid process

1. In between saddle

Sella turcica (Turkish saddle)

Trigeminal impression

1. For Trigeminal ganglion

2. Where sensation nerve sits

3. Medial center of skull

4. Sits on petrous bone

clivus

occipital bone

Carotid groove

1. Impression made by the Internal carotid artery as it travels through the cavernous

Dorsam sellae

1. Posterior to sella turcica

Arcuate eminence

1. On petrous portion of temporal bone

2. Semicircle canal under it, giving it a bump

Cavernous Sinus

on each side of the sella turcica

Tuberculum sellae

2. Anterior to sella turcica

Landmarks of the back of the skull

SNL (superior nuchal line)

MNL (medical nuchal line)

INL (inferior nuchal line)

EOP (external occipital protuberance)

Anterior clinoid process

1. Edge of sella turcica

opening of pterygoid canal

it is in the medial aspect of the pterygoid process, very small opening at the base. Opens to the pterygoid canal that moves towards the plate.

Chiasmatic groove

1. Connects the 2 optic nerves of the eye

Nasolacrimal canal

1. Anterior and medial in the orbit

2. Allows the orbit to drain tears to the nose

3. When you cry, your nose gets stuffy

Visual pathway

Pterygoid Process