NU321 Exam 1 Lecture 1 Contemporary Issues

percent of pregnancies unplanned

50%

Barriers to care

cost, transportation, dependent childcare, insurence not accepted

percent of population that uses complementary and alternative therapies

40%

who uses complementary and alternative medicine

women, higher educated, higher income, most do not tell physician

prenatal care

associated with better outcome for mom and baby, we do early risk assessment and health promotion behaviors

where are most babies born

hospital

US Cesarean rate

32.8%

Healthy People 202 goal for % of first time mothers having a C section

23.9%

Health People 2020 goal for % of mothers who have a hx of c section

81.2% (increase risk of bleeding, scar on uterus can rupture, hemmorhage but only 1%)

how long are people in the hospital after a vaginal delivery

48 hours

how long are people in the hospital after c-section

96 hours

neonatal security

locked units (key or badge entry), security tag on baby, code system

Family Medical Leave Act

1993, 12 weeks unpaid leave

infant mortality rate is measured number of deaths of infants per _____ live deaths

1000

us infant mortality rates

29.2-9.2 1950-1990, now 5.4 (but not changed)

what helped decrease the infant mortality rate

back to sleep campaign

rate of death for infants who receive prenatal care

6.2

rate of death for infants who receive no prenatal care/in poverty

34.8

babies born with a low birth weight have what percent change of death

25%

infant mortality rate in males

higher

US infant mortality rate compared to other contries

BAD (31)

infant age

1 month to 1 year

neonate age

birth to 1 month

leading causes of infant mortality

congenital abnormalities, pre-term, low birth weight, SIDS, problems r/t pregnancy complications, resp distress syndrom, injuries (suffocation)

how many women die per day due to problems r/t pregnancy and childbirth

1600

racial disparities in maternal mortality

african-americans x4 higher, hispanic 1.3X higher

how is maternal mortality measured

number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births r/t pregnancy, labor and up to 42 days postpartum

moms are____more likely to die if they receive no prenantal care

3-4

major direct causes of maternal mortality

infection, hypertension related, hemorrhage, sepsis, amniotic fluid embolism, complications r/t abortions

indirect causes of maternal mortality

malaria, anemia, HIV/AIDS, CVD

maternal mortality trends

1970=670, declined 1940-1950s 7-8, 2004=13, 2012=12.7 WHO goal is 3.3

maternal mortality rate now

33

causes of high mortality rate in 2004

obesity, advanced maternal age, number of c-sections

why is the maternal mortality rate so high right now

failure to recognize, failure to act