Land Navigation and Map Reading: Key Concepts and Techniques

What covers Land Navigation?

Training Circular (TC) 3-25.26

What is the definition of a map?

A graphic representation of a portion of the earth's surface drawn to scale, as seen from above.

Who is responsible for securing maps for the unit?

S2

What are the three map sizes?

Small, medium, and large

Where will you find the Declination Diagram of a Map and what does it represent?

Located in the lower margin of large-scale maps, it indicates the angular relationships of true north, grid north, and magnetic north.

What do the colors on a Military Map represent?

Black: cultural features; Red-Brown: cultural and relief features; Blue: water features; Green: vegetation; Brown: relief features; Red: populated areas and main roads.

What does UTM stand for?

Universal Transverse Mercator Grid

What are the three types of north?

True (north pole), magnetic (compass), and grid (map)

What is the rule of thumb for reading maps?

Right and Up

How many grid zones is the world divided into?

60

How close will an eight digit grid get you?

Within 10 meters

How close will a six digit grid get you?

Within 100 meters

How close will a ten digit grid get you?

Within 1 meter

What is an Azimuth?

A horizontal angle measured clockwise from a north base line; the most common military method to express direction.

What is a Back Azimuth?

The opposite direction of an azimuth.

What is the Grid-Magnetic Angle?

The angular size that exists between grid north and magnetic north.

What is Intersection?

The location of an unknown point by successively occupying at least two known positions on the ground and then map sighting on the unknown location.

What is Resection?

The method of locating one's position on a map by determining the grid azimuth to at least two well defined locations.

What is Modified resection?

The method of locating one's position on the map when on a linear feature like a road, canal, or stream.

What are the ways to determine your location on a map?

Resection, Modified Resection, and Intersection.

What are the three major parts of the Lensatic Compass?

Cover, Base, Lens

What are the two techniques for using the Lensatic Compass?

The Centerhold Technique and the Compass-to-Cheek Technique.

What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

What are the different types of contour lines?

Index, Intermediate, and Supplementary

What are the Five Major Terrain Features?

Hill, Saddle, Valley, Ridge, Depression

What are the Three Minor Terrain Features?

Draw, Cliff, Spur

What are the two supplementary terrain features?

Cut and fill

What is Map Orientation?

The first step to land navigation; aligning the north-south on the map with the north-south on the ground.

What are the Three Land Navigation Methods?

Dead Reckoning, Moving by Terrain Association, and Combination of Techniques.

What does the acronym OCOKA stand for?

Observation and Fields of Fire, Cover and Concealment, Obstacles, Key Terrain, and Avenues of Approach.

How many degrees are in a compass?

360

How many mils are in a compass?

6400

How many mils are in one degree?

17.7