CDE 3109 - Social Emotional Development Exam

What is emotional regulation?

Ability to manage emotions and behavior independently (no outside help)

When does emotional regulation rapidly develop?

Ages 3–7

What brain area is linked to emotional regulation?

Prefrontal cortex

Why is emotional regulation important?

Supports success, relationships, well-being; protective factor

Name strategies children use for emotional regulation.

Self-soothing, reflection, perspective-taking, mental time travel

How can adults support emotional regulation?

Model behavior, teach SEL skills, understand behavior = communication

What does Kohlberg’s theory focus on?

Why children make moral decisions

What are the 3 levels of moral development?

Pre-conventional, Conventional, Post-conventional

What defines pre-conventional reasoning?

Decisions based on punishment and rewards

What defines conventional reasoning?

Decisions based on approval and rules

What defines post-conventional reasoning?

Decisions based on internal values and justice

What is Stage 1?

Obedience & punishment

What is Stage 2?

Exchange/self-interest

What is Stage 3?

Seeking approval (“good boy/girl”)

What is Stage 4?

Law and order (follow rules)

What is gender identity?

Awareness of being male or female

What are Kohlberg’s 3 gender stages?

Labeling, Stability, Constancy

What is gender constancy?

Understanding gender stays the same regardless of appearance

How do stereotypes affect children?

Limit confidence, interests, and emotional expression

How can teachers reduce stereotypes?

Avoid grouping by gender, encourage all activities, use diverse role models

What defines bullying?

Intentional, repeated, power imbalance

What are the 4 types of bullying?

Physical, verbal, relational, cyber

Why does bullying peak in middle childhood?

Peer focus, desire for status, developing self-regulation

Effects of bullying?

Anxiety, low self-esteem, withdrawal, poor academics

What are prevention strategies for bullying?

Positive classroom climate, teach empathy & problem-solving

What should adults do during bullying?

Intervene immediately, separate, listen, document

Why are peer relationships important?

Build social skills and predict future success

What are signs of healthy friendships?

Reciprocity, kindness, communication

What happens to rejected children?

More behavior issues, lower achievement, social struggles

What causes loneliness in children?

Technology, isolation, financial stress, parent influence

Effects of loneliness?

Anxiety, poor academics, emotional struggles

How can we support lonely children?

Inclusive environments, family connection, community support

How many children are affected by mental health issues?

About 1 in 5

Most common disorder?

Anxiety

Key idea about behavior?

Behavior = communication

What 3 needs must be met?

Autonomy, competence, relatedness

Play (Peter Gray)
Why is play important?

Builds problem-solving, confidence, social skills

Play (Peter Gray)
What has happened to play over time?

Decreased significantly

Play (Peter Gray)
What is the impact of less play?

Increased anxiety, depression, low control

What is empathy?

Feeling WITH someone; perspective-taking

What is sympathy?

Feeling FOR someone; ex. “at least…”

Why is empathy important?

Builds relationships, reduces aggression

How do you teach empathy?

Model it, teach emotions, role-play, reflect

What are the 3 basic psychological needs?

Autonomy, competence, relatedness

How does less independence affect kids?

More anxiety/depression, less coping skills

Name 2 societal causes of mental health decline.

Less play, more academic pressure, technology

How can adults support mental health?

Encourage play, build relationships, give choices