New soil 360 cards

what is a glacial Till

clay to boulders and unsorted (medium permeability and water retention

what is Glacial Outwash 

sorted and sand to gravel (high permeability and low water retention)

what is Lacustrine

lake deposited, fine sediments, sorted and stratified layers (low permeability and high-water retention)

what is aeolian

silty and fine sand deposited by wind  

What is glacial Till material

material beneath and Infront of glaciers

Where is glacial outwash

material moved by meltwater

Where is lacustrine

deposited in lake beds

Kettle

depression from melting buried ice 

Kame

irregularly shaped mound or hill composed of sand, gravel and till deposited by glacial meltwater

Moraine

ridge or mound of debris laid down by a glacier or pushed up by it  

Esker

a streambed that forms with ice for banks deposited by meltwater from retreating glacier or ice sheet

Erratic

large boulder transported by glacial ice 

Drumlin

teardrop-shaped hill showing ice flow direction

Endisols 

‘young’ soils, little profile development, can be very old in places like Antarctica, thin A or E

Inceptisols

Teenage soils, Weakly developed, Gleying but no clay accumulation

Alfisols

fertile, moderately leached, algeric horizon, accumulation of clay, older

Spodosols 

iron and organic matter have accumulated but no clay, Bhs, Bh or Bs

Histosols 

organic-rich, wet soils, greater than 40 cm of organic matter, 20-30% organic matter, peaty mucky

Fibris

(histosol) large fibers, original plant fragment visible, 2/3rds or more of fibers

Hemist

(histosol) partially fibrous but break down easily 1/3rd-2/3rd fibers

Saprist

(histosol) almost without fibers and has good structure, less than 1/3rd of fibers (very gooey)

Gelisols 

soils with permafrost

Andisols 

volcanic ash soils 

What is mollic epipedon

prairie soil, can see on alfisol, greater than 25 cm thick in the a horizon, value and chroma is less than 3, pH is greater than 5.5, and 50% greater base saturation

What is umbric epipedon

prairie soil, can see on alfisol, greater than 25 cm thick in the a horizon, value and chroma is less than 3, pH is less than 5.5, and 50% greater base saturation

What is histic epipedon

20-40 cm of organic matter, thnner than histisol, thicker than 20 cm

What is ochric epipedon

everything else

Albic

leached, white/light colored 

Argillic

accumulation of translocated clay

Spodic

accumulation of organic matter and Fe/Al oxides 

O horizon

organic matter and leaf litter 

A horizon

topsoil (sometimes absent) mineral material darkened by humus 

E horizon

layer of leaching often obliterated by Earthworms (beneath O or A) 

B horizon

layer of accumulation often dark brown to red where mineral and clay accumulate 

Bhs

indicates spodic layer or aluminum and iron oxides, humus and sesquioxides

Bt

indicates an argillic layer or clay accumulation 

C horizon

unaltered parent material

R horizon

bedrock

Bw

Weakly developed layer

Mollisols

Prairie soils, Mollic epipedon, Dark, deep A horizon, Fertile, Possible clay accumulations 

Monosequal

soil has only one diagnostic subsurface horizon

Bisequal

soil has E or B sequence with spodic horizon above and E or B sequence with argillic horizon below 

Bx

Fragipan layer

Fragipan layer

dense, brittle subsoil horizon. Brittle when moist, hard when dry. Low permeability restricting water retention