Assessment of Intelligence

Fertitta

Key components of Intelligence

-Knowledge based thinking

-Apprehending

-Adaptive purposeful striving

-Fluid analytic reasoning

-Mental playfulness

-Idiosyncratic learning

Knowledge-based thinking

-Key component of intelligence

-Purposive thinking that draws on prior intelligence

Apprehending

-Key component of intelligence

-Metacognition often involved with higher intelligence

-Anticipation, self monitoring, mental functioning

Adaptive purposeful striving

-Key component of intelligence

-Being able to adopt or shift strategies

Fluid Analytic Reasoning

-Key component of intelligence

-Ability to think through new problems using analytic methods

Mental playfulness

-Key component of intelligence

-Tolerance for ambiguity and pursuit of novelty

Idiosyncratic learning

-Key component of intelligence

-Adaptive learning, reorganizing, and shifting of strategies

Central components of intelligence basic scheme

-Basic mental process

-Adaptation

-Higher order thinking

Basic mental process

-Central component of intelligence basic scheme

-Sensation, perception, attention

Adaptation

-Central component of intelligence basic scheme

-Mental flexibility, meeting demands of environment effectively, shifting thinking style

Higher order thinking

-Central component of intelligence basic scheme

-Abstract reasoning, planning, synthesizing, information, making decisions, inferences, noticing patterns

When was the symposium of psychologists who defined intelligence

1986

What happened at the 1986 symposium?

Psychologists placed higher emphasis on metacognition, executive functioning, and bank of knowledge

Synderman and Rothman

Psychologists who asked over 1,000 experts to rate the most important components of intelligence

Results of Snyderman and Rothman

-Top: abstract thinking, problem solving, and capacity to acquire knowledge

-Bottom: Sensory acuity, goal directness, and achievement motivation

Defining Intelligence

-General

-Binet

-Wechsler

General: aggregate

-Definition of intelligence

-Ability to use mind to solve and learn from experience

-Reason, plan, think abstractly, learn quickly

Binet

-Definition of intelligence

-Collection of faculties including judgement, practical sense, initiative, ability to adapt

Weschsler

-Definition of intelligence

-aggregate or global capacity to act purposefully, think rationally, and deal effectively with environment

-Author of most widely used intelligence test

-Practical view

What was the focus of intelligence on in the 19th century?

-psychophysiological methods

-stats of mental processes (mind/body connection and reaction time)

Francis Galton

-England

-Father of testing movement

-Correlation and regression, mental capacities lab, and sensory discrimination and motorcoordination

-Eugenics

Karl Earson

-England

-Developed product movement correlation, chi square, stats procedures

James Cattell

-USA

-Upenn lab and termed “mental test”. He compiled test from a battery of sensory/motor

-Believed psych must rely on experimentation and protocol

Emil Krapelin, Munsterberg, and Ebbinghaus

-Germany

-Introduced perception, memory, attention, and motor functioning tests

Wernicke

-Germany

-Brain localization

Binet, Henri, and Simon

-France

-Developed methods to study mental functions

Events that influenced intelligence testing

-End of 19th and beginning of 20th, children ages 6-13 had to go to school. They realized they were at different levels

-Efforts to better educate them led to IQ test

Binet Simon Scales

-First major IQ test

-Items ordered by difficulty level and standard instructions

-Became the objective measure of diagnosing mental retardation (moron, imbecile, idiot)

-Objectively measured

What were some of the tasks in the Binet Simon scale?

-Copying words/drawings, rhymes, edible vs not

Simon Binet Intelligence test

-30 tasks together that could measure child’s natural intelligence (where they should be for their age and what they learned naturally)

When was the first Simon Binet test given?

1905

What happened to the Simon Binet intelligence test in 1908?

First modification to introduce 3-13 year olds

What happened to the Simon Binet intelligence test in 1911

Expanded ages up to 15 and permitted teens and adults but mainly kids

What happened to the Simon Binet test in 1916?

It was adopted by Terman and evolved to Stanford Binet who renamed mental quotient “IQ”

What did the birth of Intelligence Quotient measure?

Aptitude apart from achievement

Aptitude

What you’re able to learn

Achievement

What you have already learned

Mental Level

-Compare a child’s score on intelligence test to the averages of other children in various age groups

-Age group of score matches mental level

-AKA Mental age

William Stern

Coined “mental age” in 1914

Ratio IQ

(Mental age/physical age) x 100

Deviation IQ

- (Test score/Average test score of same age group) X 100

-Used to solve problem that intelligence dramatically increases first few years then levels off

-IQ in today’s standards

Henry Goddard

-20th century

-Pioneer of intelligence testing brought to USA

How did Henry Goddard use intelligence testing in 20th century?

Discriminatory towards Ellis Island Immigrants by naming them as “feeble minded” and segregating and sterilizing so they could not reproduce

How was intelligence testing used in WWI?

To select officers and place men into types of service

Yerkes

-Developed intelligence tests to place military men and introduced the point scale method to replace age levels and also introduced group testing

-Also developed Army Alpha and Beta with others

Army Alpha

-Verbal and literate

-Developed by Yerkes and others

Army Beta

-Non verbal and illiterate

-Developed by Yerkes and others

Weschler

Developed clinical battery test in WWI as well as Bellvue for teens and adults in 1939

WISC

Extension of the WAIS tests to include children

WPPSI

Extension of the WAIS tests to include preschool and younger