Vector Borne Diseases

1. Lyme Disease 2. Erlichiosis 3. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever 4. Babesiosis 5. Dengue Fever 6. West Nile Virus 7. Zika Virus

What are common vectors?

Mosquitos, ticks, lice, and mites

Erythma chronicum migrans is seen in?

Lyme disease

bulls eye rash

What organism causes Lyme disease?

Borrelia burgdorferi

gram (-) spirochete

What is the most commonly reported vector-borne illness in the US

Lyme disease

What is a common feature of Lyme disease?

the bacteria likes synovial fluid (joints) so it migrates there often

causes arthritis

How can lyme disease be diagnosed?

Culture (BSK)

PCR

antibodies (EIA, western blot)

Rickettsia organisms cause what diseases?

Ehrlichiosis and Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

What type of bacteria are rickesttsias?

obligate intracellular, gram (-)

What bacteria causes ehrlichiosis?

Erlichia chaffeensis (rickettsia)

A diffuse skin rash is seen in?

Ehrlichiosis

What is the growth cycle for ehrlichiosis?

Elementary bodies enter → initial bodies → Morulas

Morulas are seen in?

Ehrlichiosis

How can ehrlichiosis be diagnosed?

phagocyte observation

PCR (biopsy)

Ab titer

What bacteria causes Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF)?

Rickettsia rickettsii

How can RMSF be diagnosed?

Biopsy (stained)

PCR

Antibodies

IFA

What is the leading cause of transfusion-associated parasitic infection?

Babesia microti

How can B. microti infections be diagnosed?

hemolytic anemias

hemoglobinuria

hemoglobinemia

Maltese crosses

Ab titers

PCR

What are the 3 WHO classification signs for Dengue infections?

1. no warning signs

2. warning signs

3. severe dengue

How can Dengue be diagnosed?

PCR

Viral culture

Immunoassay

Ab titer

What can West Nile Virus (WNV) cause?

meningitis and encephalitis

How can WNV be diagnosed?

Antibodies

PCR/NAT

What are the modes of transmission for Zika?

vector

transplacental

sexually (maybe)

What disease can cause conjuctivitis?

Zika

How can zika be diagnosed?

antibody

PCR