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Database Management System (DBMS)

A software system that facilitates the creation, manipulation, and management of databases.

Data Manipulation Language (DML)

A language used to express database queries and updates.

Data Definition Language (DDL)

A syntax for defining the database schema.

Transactions

A collection of operations that performs a single logical function in a database application.

Concurrency Control

Management of simultaneous operations in a database to ensure integrity and consistency.

Data Independence

The separation of data from the applications that use the data, allowing changes without affecting access methods.

Normalization

The process of organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity.

Entity-Relationship Model

A diagrammatic representation of entities and their relationships within a database.

XML

A markup language that defines rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable.

Storage Manager

A module that interacts with the operating system's file manager and is responsible for storing, retrieving, and updating data.

Query Processing

The process of transforming a user query into a form that can be executed to retrieve results.

Transaction Management

Ensures that the database remains in a consistent state despite errors or failures.

Integrity Constraints

Rules that ensure the accuracy and integrity of data in the database.

Physical Data Independence

The capacity to change the storage devices without needing to change the application programs.

Data Redundancy

The unnecessary duplication of data within a database.

Data Isolation

The situation that occurs when data is duplicated in different files, making it difficult to manage.

Relational Database

A type of database that stores data in tabular form, allowing for relationships between tables.

Relational Algebra

A procedural query language that works on relational data, primarily used for database operations.

SQL

Structured Query Language, the most widely used language for querying and managing databases.

Big Data

Large and complex data sets that traditional data-processing software is inadequate to deal with.

Data Dictionary

A repository of information about the data in the database, including schema, relationships, and constraints.