SKELETAL SYSTEM

ANATOMY

IT IS CALLED STRUCTURE

ANATOMY

STUDY OF THE FORM AND PARTS OF THE BODY

GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY

2 TYPES OF ANATOMY

GROSS ANATOMY

LARGE STRUCTURES THAT VISIBLE TO EYE

MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY

SMALL STRUCTURES SEEN ONLY WITH AN MICROSCOPE

PHYSIOLOGY

IT IS CALLED FUNCTION

PHYSIOLOGY

HOW BODY PARTS WORK AND WHAT THEY DO

HOMEOSTASIS

BODY’S ABILITY TO MAINTAIN A STABLE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT DESPITE CHANGES IN THE EXTERNAL MOVEMENT

EXAMPLE OF HOMEOSTASIS

BODY TEMPERATURE

BLOOD GLUCOSE CONTROL

WATER & ELECTROLYTE SYSTEM

BODY POSITION AND DIRECTIONAL TERMS

-ANATOMICAL POSITION

-SUPINE & PRONE

-SUPERIOR & INFERIOR

-ANTERIOR & POSTERIOR

-VENTRAL & DORSAL

-PROXIMAL & DISTAL

-MEDIAL & LATERAL

-SUPERFICIAL & DEEP

ANATOMICAL POSITION

STANDING UPRIGHT WITH THE FACE DIRECTED FORWARD, THE UPPER LIMBS HANGING TO THE SIDES, AND THE PALMS OF THE HANDS FACING FORWARD

MAJOR REGIONS OF THE BODY

-HEAD AND NECK

-TRUNK

-UPPER LIMB

-LOWER LIMB

BODY CAVITIES

-DORSAL BODY CAVITIES

-VENTRAL BODY CAVITIES

DORSAL BODY CAVITIES

-CRANIAL CAVITY

-SPINAL/VERTEBRAL CAVITY

VENTRAL BODY CAVITIES

-THORACIC CAVITY

-ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITY

PLANES OF THE BODY

-SAGITTAL PLANE

-CORONAL PLANE

-TRANSVERSE

-OBLIQUE

2 TYPES OF SAGITTAL PLANE

-MIDSAGITTAL

-PARASAGITTAL

MIDSAGITTAL

EQUAL LEFT AND RIGHT

ANOTHER NAME OF MIDSAGITTAL

MEDIAN PLANE

PARASAGITTAL PLANE

UNEQUAL LEFT AND RIGHT

CORONAL PLANE

ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR

MIDCORONAL

EQUAL ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR

ANOTHER NAME FOR CORONAL

FRONTAL PLANE

ANOTHER NAME FOR TRANSVERSE PLANE

AXIAL AND HORIZONTAL PLANE

OBLIQUE PLANE

DIVIDES THE BODY AT AN ANGLE

ABDOMINAL QUADRANTS

-RIGHT UPPER QUADRANT

-LEFT UPPER QUADRANT

-RIGHT LOWER QUADRANT

-LEFT LOWER QUADRANT

REGIONS

-RL HYPOCHONDRIAC

-EPIGASTRIC

-RL LUMBAR

-UMBILICAL

-RL ILLIAC

-HYPOGRASTRIC

C1

MASTOID TIP

C2-C3

GONION (ANGLE OF THE MANDIBLE)

C3-C4

HYOID BONE

C5

THYROID CARTILAGE

C7-T1

VERTEBRA PROMINENS

T1

2” ABOVE THE LEVEL OF JUGULAR NOTCHT

T2-T3

LEVEL OF JUGULAR NOTCH

T4-T5

LEVEL OF STERNAL ANGLE

T7

LEVEL OF INFERIOR SCAPULA

T9-T10

XIPHOID TIP

L2-L3

INFERIOR COSTAL MARGIN

L4-L5

SUPERIORMOST ASPECT OF ILLIAC CREST

SI-S2

ASIS

COCCYX

PUBIC SYMPHYSIS AND GREATER TROCHANTER

206

HOW MANY BONES HAVE HUMAN BODY

80

HOW MANY AXIAL SKELETON

126

HOW MANY APPENDICULAR SKELETON

-SKULL

-AUDITORY OSSICLES

-HYOID

-VERTEBRAL COLUMN

-THORACIC CAGE

AXIAL SKELETON COMPOSED OF

-PECTORAL GIRLDE

-UPPER LIMB

-LOWER LIMB

-PELVIC GIRDLE

APPENDICULAR SKELETON COMPOSED OF

COMPACT BONE AND SPONGY BONE

TYPES OF BONE TISSUE

COMPACT BONE/CORTICAL BONE

-DENSE OUTER LAYER OF BONE

-FOUND IN SHAFT OF LONG BONES

SPONGY BONE/CANCELLOUS BONE

-POROUS INNER LAYER OF BONE

-FOUND AT THE ENDS OF LONGS BONES AND INSIDE FLAT BONES

-OSTEOCYTES

-OSTEOBLASTS

-OSTEOCLASTS

TYPES OF BONE CELLS

OSTEOCYTES

BONE MAINTAINERS

OSTEOCYTES

MATURE BONE CELLS

OSTEOBLASTS

BONE BREAKERS

OSTEOBLASTS

LARGE CELLS THAT BREAK DOWN BONE

-LONG BONES

-SHORT BONES

-FLAT BONES

-IRREGULAR BONE

CATEGORIES OF BONES