Key Grammar Points In Chinese (繁體字) Include:

Flash cards and summary of text

量詞 (Liàngcí)

E.g. 個，朵，杯，瓶 etc.

Classifier - used when counting or specifying nouns

E.g.:

個 (gè) - General classifier for people and most objects.

只 (zhī) - Used for animals and one of a pair.

本 (běn) - Used for books, magazines, and other bound items.

張 (zhāng) - Used for flat objects like paper, photos, and tables.

杯 (bēi) - Used for cups, glasses, and drinks.

輛 (liàng) - Used for vehicles like cars, bikes, and motorcycles.

瓶 (píng) - Used for bottles and similar containers.

把 (bǎ) - Used for objects with handles, like umbrellas, chairs, and knives.

匹 (pǐ) - Used for horses and long, narrow objects like scarves or belts.

件 (jiàn) - Used for clothing and items of clothing

了 （le）- ？

過 （guò）- ？

了 - For completed actions

過 - For experienced actions

不/沒有 （bù/méi yǒu）- ?

Negations

的 （de）

Indicates possession or modification

動詞 (Dòngcí)

(Verb)

Verb - indicates completion, possibility, or direction

嗎（ma）- ？

呢（ne）- ？

嗎 - For yes-no questions

呢 - For seeking further information or confirmation

可以（kěyǐ） - ？

能（néng） - ？

應該（yīnggāi） - ？

可以 - For permission

能 - For ability

應該 - For obligation

和（hé/hàn） - ？

但是（dànshì） - ？

因為（yīnwèi） - ？

和 - “and”

但是 - “but”

因為 - “because”

複製 (Fùzhì)

Duplication of a word

Use of reduplication for emphasis or indicating repetition.

Tense and aspect markers - ?

（了和過）

Aspect markers like 了 (le) and 過 (guò) often convey information about the timing or completion of actions

吧（ba）- ？

呀（ya）- ？

啊（a）- ？

吧 - For suggestions or softening requests

呀 - For emphasis or surprise

啊 - For expressing realization or drawing attention

Ba construction (把字句) - ?

Used to indicate the object of an action and often implies a change in the state of the object

Expressing comparison:

比 (bǐ) - ?

最 (zuì) - ?

比 (bǐ) - To indicate comparison between two things

最 (zuì) - To indicate superlatives (the highest degree of comparison)

Expressing possession:

的 (de)

E.g. 我的 (wǒ de), 你的 (nǐ de)…

的 - Is a possessive pronoun

我的 - for “my”

你的 - for “your”

and so on

Expressing duration:

了 (le) or 著 (zhe) - ?

了 or 著 - To indicate the duration of an action.

Expressing condition:

如果 (rúguǒ) - ?

要是 (yàoshi) - ?

如果…就 (rúguǒ…jiù) - ?

如果 - For “if”

要是 - For “if” or “in case“

如果…就 - For “if…then” constructions

Expressing cause and effect:

因為…所以 (yīnwèi…suǒyǐ) - ?

由於 (yóuyú) - ?

因為…所以 - For “because…so”

由於 - For “due to” or “owing to.”

Expressing purpose:

為了 (wèile) - ?

為了 - For “in order to” or “for the purpose of.”

Expressing potentiality:

可能 (kěnéng) - ?

會 (huì) - ?

可能 - For “maybe” or “possible”

會 - For indicating future possibility or probability.