AP Biology - Ch. 1-4

7 Characteristics of Life

1. Growth and development

2. Homeostasis

3. Heredity

4. Reproduce

5. Responds to stimuli

6. Metabolism

7. Cellular composition

GHHRRMC (Grimace)

Emergent Property

(N) properties that arise as a result of the combination and interactions of smaller parts that would not exhibit such properties individually

Biological Classification

1. Cells

2. Tissue

3. Organ

4. Organ system

5. Organism

6. Population

7. Community

8. Ecosystem

9. Biosphere

3 Domains of Life

1. Bacteria

2. Archaea

3. Eukarya

Taxonomic Classification

1. Domain

2. Kingdom

3. Phylum

4. Class

5. Order

6. Family

7. Genus

8. Species

Dear King Phylum Calls Order For Grumpy Species

Polarity of H2O

Positive: 2H
Negative: O

Difference between Ionic, Covalent, and Hydrogen bonds

Ionic bonds occur when one atom transfers electrons to another atom. This bond occurs in large differences of electronegativity between atoms and is the strongest of bonds.

Covalent bonds occur when atoms share pairs of electrons. The strength of this bond varies.

Hydrogen bonds are intermolecular forces, or attractions, that occur between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom. This bond is the weakest of bonds.

Electronegativity

(N) an atom’s tendency to attract the electrons in a chemical bond to itself

Differentiate between Adhesion and Cohesion

Adhesion is the ability of water molecules to stick to other surfaces.

• “Ad” means toward

Cohesion is the ability of water molecules to stick to each other

• “Co" means together

Capillary Action

(N) slight upward movement of water in a narrow space

• Meniscus

Differentiate between Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic

Hydrophilic means to have a tendency to dissolve in water

• Salt and sugar

• Ionic and polar bonds

Hydrophobic means to repel water

• Fats and oils

• Non-ionic and non-polar bonds

Organic Chemistry

(N) the study of carbon compounds, which allow for a variety of structures to be built

# of valence electrons in:

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Nitrogen

Carbon

1

2

3

4

HONC 📯📯📯

[Structural] Isomer

(N) compounds with identical chemical formulas but different chemical structures

Geometric Isomer

(N) compounds with identical covalent partnerships differing in arrangements around a double bonded carbon

Enantiomers

(N) molecules that are mirror images

Functional Group

(N) specific group of atoms that's responsible for a molecule’s characteristics