Anatomy test 1

What are the two primary branches of science dealing with the human body?

Anatomy and Physiology.

What is Anatomy?

The study of the structure and organization of the body and relationships of body parts to one another.

Define Physiology.

The study of the function of the human body and its parts.

What does the Principle of Complementary of Structure and Function state?

The function of body parts in the human body always reflects their structure.

What is the lowest level of structural organization in the human body?

The Chemical Level.

What level of organization includes cells?

The Cellular Level.

What are tissues?

Groups of cells that work together to carry out similar functions.

What is the definition of an organ?

Structures composed of 2 or more tissues that work together to perform similar functions.

How many major systems are there in the human body?

There are 11 major systems.

What is the Anatomical Position?

The position where the subject stands upright, facing the observer with feet flat, arms at the sides, and palms turned forward.

What are the two major portions of the body in the Anatomical Position?

The Axial Portion and the Appendicular Portion.

What is a sagittal plane?

A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left sides.

What is homeostasis?

The ability of the body to maintain a stable internal environment.

What are the survival needs for human life?

Nutrients, Oxygen, Water, Body Temperature, and Atmospheric Pressure.

What is metabolism?

The sum of all the reactions that occur in the body.

What are the two sets of reactions associated with metabolism?

Anabolic Reactions and Catabolic Reactions.

What does an anabolic reaction refer to?

Reactions that build up complex molecules and structures in the body.

What is a major characteristic of connective tissue?

It binds structures together, provides support, and protects organs.

What are the four primary macromolecules found in living organisms?

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids.

What is a cell structure responsible for controlling entry and exit?

The Plasma Membrane.

How does facilitated diffusion occur?

It is a passive process where plasma membrane proteins move molecules through the membrane.

What is the functional unit of DNA?

Nucleotides.

What characterizes Epithelial Tissue?

It is avascular, has a high regeneration rate, and serves various functions including protection and absorption.

What is the main function of muscle tissue?

To generate force for contraction and movement.

What type of muscle tissue is striated and involuntary?

Cardiac Muscle Tissue.

What are neuroglia?

Support cells in nervous tissue that protect and insulate the nervous system.

What is the difference between hyperplasia and hypertrophy?

Hyperplasia is an increase in cell number, while hypertrophy is an increase in cell size.

What is the main fluid component of blood?

Plasma.

What structure in a muscle cell is responsible for contraction?

Muscle fibers.

What is a synovial membrane?

A connective tissue membrane lining joint cavities that secretes synovial fluid.

What is the primary germ layer that gives rise to various tissues during embryonic development?

Endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm.

What are lipids?

Fats, oils, and waxes that are hydrophobic and serve as a source of stored energy.

What is the key property of water in biological systems?

Water is a polar molecule and serves as a solvent for many biological reactions.