Nutrients and Wellness Study Flashcards

A collection of vocabulary flashcards covering the complete range of nutrients, hydration, dietary impacts, and health concepts discussed in nutrition lectures.

Osmosis

Movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area where it is highly concentrated to an area where it is not so concentrated.

Osmoregulation

The scientific term that refers to the control of fluid balance and composition in the body.

Hydration effects

Hydration decreases headaches, muscle aches, and kidney stones.

Fluid balance

An essential homeostatic function of the body that maintains differences in solute composition between cells and their surrounding environment.

Osmoregulation importance

Controls fluid balance and composition in the body.

Why solutes fluctuate

Solutes are in a constant state of flux due to cells bringing nutrients in, metabolizing them, and disposing of waste products.

Maintaining water volume

Cells maintain their water volume constant by pumping electrolytes in and out.

Active transport of water

Water is never transported actively.

Anions

Negatively charged electrolytes.

Regulating water movement

Movement of water is regulated by controlling the movement of electrolytes.

Defining electrolytes

Substances that when dissolved in water become charged ions.

Functions of water

Transportation, lubrication, and temperature regulation.

Critical nutrient properties of water

Its absence proves lethal and its presence allows the body to perform multiple functions.

Universal solvent

Water is called the universal solvent because more substances dissolve in it than in any other fluid.

Regulating body temperature

Water helps regulate the body’s temperature through heat exchange.

Chemical reactions and water

Water is required as a medium for chemical reactions and interacts in many enzymatic reactions.

Thermoregulation

The process of balancing heat gain with heat loss.

Water buffers

Water buffers the body against extreme variations in temperature.

Thirst mechanism activation

Activated in response to changes in water volume and blood osmolality.

Urine output regulation

Regulating urine output is primarily a function of the kidneys.

Daily water consumption

The amount of water a person should consume is variable based on climate, age, activity level, and kidney function.

Homeostatic balance

A goal for cells, tissues, organs, and organisms is to balance water output with water input.

Triggers of thirst

Thirst is triggered by a decrease in blood volume or an increase in blood osmolality.

Kidneys and water regulation

The kidneys control urine output and maintain stable blood pressure and volume.

Diuretics

Medications that are used to decrease blood pressure in people with hypertension.

Hydration for athletes

Endurance athletes require glucose and fluids to replace lost electrolytes.

Osmotic pressure explanation

The force driving water movement through selectively permeable membranes based on solute concentration.

Sodium absorption

Sodium absorption in the small intestine is efficient, with excess sodium excreted by the kidneys.

Nerve impulse transmission

Sodium is necessary for nerve impulse transmission.

Sodium-potassium pump function

Moves sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell, aiding nutrient transport.

Homeostatic mechanism

Mechanism for maintaining body temperature through various physiological processes.

Hyponatremia causes

Caused by excessive water intake.

Sodium in diet sources

Most sodium comes from processed and prepared foods.

Chloride's role in fluid balance

Chloride aids in fluid balance and regulates fluid secretion.

Potassium's function

Involved in nerve impulse transmission, protein synthesis, and maintaining blood pH.

Food sources of potassium

High-potassium foods include spinach, bananas, and potatoes.

Osmosis definition

The process by which water molecules move from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration.

Salt substitutes

Replace sodium with potassium to reduce intake.

Dehydration definition

Results from excessive water loss or inadequate water intake.

Heat stroke causes

Can result from dehydration and overheating during physical activities.

Signs of dehydration

Include thirst, dizziness, headaches, and low urine output.

Nutrition during pregnancy

Pregnant women require increased caloric intake and specific nutrients for fetal development.

Weight gain during pregnancy

Recommended weight gain varies by pre-pregnancy weight.

Importance of hydration

Adequate hydration supports overall health and development during pregnancy.

Gestational diabetes effects

Can lead to adverse outcomes for both mother and child.

Breastfeeding benefits

Provides nutrients and immunological protection for infants.

Diversity of diets

Includes vegetarian, vegan, and Mediterranean diets for health.

Food politics influence

Involves cultural, ethical, and health-related factors affecting food systems.

Food preservation methods

Ancient and modern methods that enhance food safety and longevity.

Eating disorders recognition

Include anorexia, bulimia, and binge-eating disorders affecting health.

Nutritional recommendations

Focus on balance, diversity, and moderation in all diet stages.

Health risk factors

Chronic diseases can be modifiable through better nutrition and lifestyle choices.

Food-borne illnesses prevention

Important strategies to reduce risk associated with food safety.

Sustainability in nutrition

Promotes practices that ensure food security without compromising future needs.

Economic influences on diet

Economic factors heavily dictate food choices and access to nutrition.

Food policy initiatives

Government efforts to improve nutrition and reduce food insecurity.

Personal responsibility in nutrition

Individual choices significantly impact health, wellness, and dietary patterns.

Strength training benefits

Improves muscle strength, endurance, balance, and overall physical fitness.

Yoga and flexibility

Enhances joint flexibility and reduces injury risk.

Community health and literacy

Connection between public understanding and nutritional health outcomes.

Hormonal impacts on metabolism

Understanding how hormonal changes affect metabolism and nutritional needs.

Preventive nutrition importance

Crucial for maintaining health and mitigating chronic diseases.

Nutrient-rich food choices

Support overall health and can prevent malnutrition.

Coping with aging

Good nutrition aids in managing diseases associated with aging.

Food labeling policies

Help consumers make informed choices about their nutritional intake.

Assessment of dietary habits

Essential for understanding individual nutritional needs and public health.

Community resources for nutrition

Vital for addressing food access and education.

Public health initiatives

Aim to improve community health through better nutrition.

Nutritional globalization effects

World-wide access to a variety of foods has pros and cons.

Health promotion strategies

Encourage individuals to adopt healthier lifestyle choices.

Anemia prevention

Important for ensuring adequate nutrient intake, especially iron.

Environmental effects on nutrition

Influence availability and quality of food sources.

Food security significance

Critical for ensuring all individuals access sufficient, nutritious food.

Dietary preferences development

Shape an individual’s relationship with food over time.

Crossover between nutrition and food science

Knowledge sharing for better health outcomes.

Dietary patterns and chronic disease

Examine how specific eating patterns correlate with disease prevention.

Overall wellness approach

Incorporates nutrition, physical activity, and emotional health.

Body weight management

Focuses on maintaining a healthy weight for life-long health benefits.

Nutritional awareness education

Empowers consumers to make healthier choices.

Future food trends impact

Will dictate changes in food production, health promotion, and policy.

Intersections of food systems

Highlight complex relationships between agriculture, health, and the environment.

Understanding diverse diets

Culturally relevant dietary frameworks for improving population health.