WHAP Midterm Review Unit 1

What time period is Unit 1?

1200-1450

What declined during this time period?

Small states, local religions, old technology

What is a state?

an organized political community under 1 government

What is the difference between the Song Dynasty and Abbasid Caliphate?

The Song Dynasty flourished while the Abbasid Caliphate declined

Where was the Song Dynasty located?

China

What was the Song Dynasty known as for China?

The Golden Age

What technology came from the Song Dynasty?

Gunpowder

Where was the Grand Canal?

China during the Song Dynasty

What were the effects of the Grand Canal?

boosted trade and maintained Chinese culture

What is Champa Rice?

a crop that matured early, resisted drought, and could be harvested 3 times a year

What were the effects of Champa Rice in China?

increased population

What religion was followed in the Song Dynasty?

Confucianism

What was Confucianism used for in terms of culture?

It was used as a stabilizer

What did Confucianism create?

Civil Service Exams

What were civil service exams on?

Confucian Texts

Why did people take the Civil Service Exams?

to work in the imperial bureaucracy

What was the effect of Civil Service Exams?

opened government positions for all classes and transformed government into Meritocracy

How did the Abbasid Caliphate decline?

It was fractured by invaders

What are the 2 states established from the Abbasid Caliphate?

Delhi Sultanate and Mamluk Sultanate

Where was Delhi Sultanate established and by who?

In India by Muslim Turks

What was an issue in Delhi Sultanate?

They had trouble converting Indians to Islam

Where was the Mamluk Sultanate established?

North Africa

What sort of empire was the Mamluk Sultanate?

Slave empire

What did the Egyptians do in the Mamluk Sultanate?

The Egyptians enslaved non-Muslims and forced them to serve in the military

How and by who was the Mamluk Sultanate established?

The Mamluks overthrew the government to establish the empire

Where were the Vijayanagara Empire and Chola Kingdom located?

South Asia

What is a similarity between the Vijayanagara Empire and the Chola Kingdom?

They were built and expanded by means of trade

Where was Mali located?

Africa

What is Mali known for?

Centralized government, gaining wealth, and Mansa Musa

Where was Ghana located?

Africa

Where were the Aztecs and Incas located?

America

How did the Aztec rule their kingdom?

Ruling remotely using the tributary system

What is the tributary system?

a payment that conquered people have to pay for the privilege of being conquered

What were the forms of payment for the tributary system?

Goods or Services

How did the Aztec enforce the tributary system?

Through powerful military

How did the Incas build their state?

The Mita System

What is the Mita System?

Mandatory public work

What did Europe use to build their empires?

Feudalism

What is feudalism?

structuring society by rigid classes

Why did feudal lords lose power?

the rise of centralized monarchs

What was the key to state building?

Religion

What was Islam based on?

shared beliefs and language

What was the language for Islam?

Arabic

What was the effect of Islam?

united regions throughout Afro-Eurasia

How was Confucianism used?

to justify emperor’s rule

What was Confucianism involved in?

the flourishment of China

What religion were the bureaucratic workers of China?

Confucian

Where was Hinduism and Buddhism followed?

South and South East Asia

What did Hinduism have?

a strict caste system

How was Hinduism and Buddhism used?

to consolidate power

Were the individual Europe states weak or strong?

Weak

Why was Roman Catholic useful?

The Catholic Church provided a way to organize society

What emerged between 1200-1450?

France and the Holy Roman Empire

What did the emergence of France and Holy Roman Empire introduce?

the struggle for power between Church and the State

What religions used missionaries to convert?

Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism

What was the effect of missionaries

weakened local indigenous religions

What religion used military conversion?

Islam

What state had Muslim Conversions?

Delhi Sultanate

How many Indians were converted to Islam?

25%

Why did people convert to Islam?

To avoid paying the jizya and for greater opportunities in business

What was jizya?

a tax that had to be paid by non-Muslims

How did merchants contribute to religious conversion by trade?

They carried cultural structure

Where did Champa rice spread from and to whom did it spread?

Came from Vietnam, went to China

Where did paper spread from and to whom did it spread?

Came from China, went to the west

What was the effect of paper?

spike in literacy rates and learning, creation of House of Wisdom

What type of learning advanced?

medicine and mathematics

Where was the House of Wisdom located?

Baghdad

When was the House of Wisdom created?

During Abbasid Kingdom

What is the House of Wisdom?

a place of study and translation of European/Asian works

What are nomadic people?

traveling communities, pastoral people from central Asian steppe

What was the central Asian Steppe?

vast empire that provided political safety

What were the effects of the central Asian steppe?

Increased trade (Silk Roads) and cross cultural interactions

What was the role of nomadic people before 1200?

a huge role in transfer of technology and culture

What was the role of Nomadic people between 1200-1450?

Influence decreased due to rise of merchants

What is Sinification?

the process of non-Chinese states coming under the influence of Chinese cultures

How was Buddhism and Islam spread?

Through the Silk Roads

Did Dar Al Islam grow or decline?

Grow

Is the increase power through Civil Service exams and Confucianism and example of a change or continuity?

Continuity

How were states built?

By consolidating and legitimizing power

What did the decline of feudalism lead to?

the Renaissance

What change did the Civil Service exams create?

anybody from any status could take the exam and increase their status

What was foot binding and where was it practiced?

a custom where woman tightly binded their feet to change the size and shape, practiced in China

What new religion emerged?

Neo- Confucianism