Patho Exam 1

pathophysiology

is the study of the functional changes that occur in the body as a result of a disease or injury.

pathogenesis

development/progression of a disease

Etiology

cause of disease

Clinical

stage of disease with visible signs

subclinical

stage of disease with no visible signs

A disease or injury caused by treatment

compilation

sequel and example of sequel

result - stroke=paralysis

Agenesis

an organ or part is absent due to failure of development during embryonic growth.

Aplasia

an organ or part is present but fails to develop or grow normally.

decrease in size of an organ or tissue

Atrophy

Hyperplasia

increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ

Hypoplasia

underdevelopment or incomplete development of an organ or tissue, resulting in a smaller size.

a reversible change where one cell type is replaced by another cell type

Metaplasia

abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs

Dysplasia

The uterus increasing in size during pregnancy is an example of what?

physiologic hyperplasia

An increase of progesterone during pregnancy is an example of what?

hormonal hyperplasia

Part of the liver is surgically removed or damaged, what will follo?

compensatory hyperplasia

An agent or factor that causes malformation or abnormal development in an embryo or fetus

Teratogen

Inflammation response

Entry of irritant

vasodilation of microcirculation

marked increase on vascular permeability to plasma proteins

Adherence of white blood cells in inner walls of vessels

Phagocytosis

Tissue repair and healing

opsonization

A process where pathogens are marked for destruction by the immune system, enhancing phagocytosis.

Degranulation

The release of cytotoxic granules from immune cells, such as mast cells and basophils, which contain histamine

Chemotaxis

is the process by which immune cells are attracted to the site of infection or inflammation by chemical signals.

The lining up of white blood cells before they go to destroy the pathogen

Pavementing or margnation

Normal WBC range

5,000-10,000

Differential count

is a test that measures the percentage of different types of white blood cells in the blood, providing insight into various conditions such as infections, allergies, and diseases.

Leukocytosis - granulocytes

Neutrophils

Eosinophils

Basophils

Leukocytosis - mononuclear

lymphocytes

monocytes

plasma cells

macrophages

Which cells are best at phagocytosis

neutrophils and macrophages

Signs of inflammation

Fever

Blood protein changes

Leukocytosis

Malaise, nausea, vomit

Weight loss

Increased pulse and respiration