Basics of Fungi

Taxonomy

the science of physical classification

Phylum

-mycota

Class

-mycetes

Order

-ales

Family

-acae

Genus/species

contain no word rules

Hyphae

Branching filaments

Septate

Hyphae that are divided into cells by internal walls

Ceonocitic/aspetate

contain no walls in hyphae and the nuclei flow freely

Mycelium

mass of hyphae that forms a network (vegatative body of fungus)

Cell Walls

rigid walls that provide support and protection, made of chitin

Plasma Membrane

Fungal membrane, similar to eukaryotes, but contains a different lipid of ergosterol, instead of cholesterol.

Osmotrophy

absorb soluble nutrition from surroundings

Decomposers

Fungi obtain nutrients from decomposing dead organic matter and recycling the nutrients back into the environment.

Sexual Reproduction

stages:

1a. Anastomosis

1. Plasmogamy

2. Karyogamy

3. Result in sexual spores

Anastomosis

Fusion of hyphae

Plasmogamy

Fusion of cytoplasm

Karyogamy

Fusion of nuclei

Parasites

Feed off the living hosts and cause disease

Mutualists

Form beneficial relationships for both the fungi and the host.

Nonmotile

can not move around

Dimorphic

They can exist in either unicellular or multicellular forms depending on the environment

Heterotrophic

Feeds on other organisms

Interphase

1. Growth Phase

2. DNA replication

3. Growth and Seperation for Division

Prophase

chromosomes condense around the centromere

Metaphase

chromosomes move to the middle

Anaphase

chromatids are pulled apart to opposite sides of the cells

Telophase

Contractile creates a channel for duplicated nuclei to move over to the other septate

Cytokinesis

The 2 nuclei split into two different cells.

Mitosis

1. Prophase

2. Metaphase

3. Anaphase

4. Telophase

5. Cytokinesis

Meiosis

Enables recombinations, starts with a diploid cell and duplicates chromosomes, chromosomes find their homologous pairs and cross over.

Homologs

Same genes , different alleles

Meiosis 1

Pairs are separated into 2 different cells

Meiosis 2

Same as mitosis

Heterokaryotic

Having genetically different nuclei

Asexual Reproduction

Fragmentation, budding, or producing asexual spored (conidia)