Geography Exam
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65 Terms
Where was Pompeii located?
Near the Bay of Naples in Italy
What natural feature was responsible for destroying Pompeii?
Mount Vesuvius
Why did people choose to live near this dangerous feature? (List at least 2 reasons)
Fertile soil, good for farming; close to trade routes; access to water
Explain one advantage and one disadvantage of Pompeii’s location.
Advantage: fertile land/trade access Disadvantage: risk of volcanic eruption
List two activities people in Pompeii did in their daily lives.
Examples: shopping, bathing, eating, socializing, entertainment
What were some places people visited regularly in Pompeii? (name at least 2)
Markets, bathhouses, theaters, homes
How was daily life in Pompeii similar to life today?
People had routines, jobs, social lives
How was daily life different from today?
No modern technology; different social structure (enslaved people, etc.)
When was Pompeii rediscovered? (about how many years later or century)
Around 1,500–1,700 years later (1700s)
What do archaeologists study to learn about Pompeii? (list at least 2 types of evidence)
Buildings, artifacts, graffiti, tools, food remains
Who was Giuseppe Fiorelli and why was he important?
Archaeologist who developed plaster cast method and improved excavation
Why do archaeologists sometimes make mistakes when interpreting the past?
They only have limited evidence and must make educated guesses
How were plaster casts of Pompeii victims created?
Bodies decomposed → left cavities → filled with plaster
What do the plaster casts reveal about the people of Pompeii?
Final moments, positions, emotions, actions
Why are the plaster casts important to historians today?
They make history more real and help us understand people
Who is Pliny writing to, and why?
He is writing to Tacitus to provide an accurate account of his uncle’s death for historical record.
Where was Pliny the Elder when the eruption began?
He was at Misenum, serving as commander of the fleet.
How does Pliny describe the cloud?
Like a pine tree, with a tall trunk and spreading branches.
What initially motivated him to go closer?
Scientific curiosity and desire to observe the phenomenon.
What caused him to change his plan?
A rescue request from Rectina, who was trapped near the volcano.
What quote reflects his bravery?
“Fortune favors the brave.”
What dangers did they face by boat?
Falling ash, pumice, rocks, and blocked shoreline.
How did he calm others at Stabiae?
By acting calm—bathing, dining, and reassuring them.
What protective measures did people take?
They tied pillows to their heads for protection.
What caused his death?
He likely died from suffocation due to ash and toxic fumes.
What is the dominant physical feature of North Africa?
The dominant physical feature of North Africa is the Sahara Desert
Where are the Atlas Mountains located?
The Atlas Mountains are located in northwestern Africa, mainly in Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia
In which direction does the Nile River flow?
The Nile River flows north.
Where is Lower Egypt located?
Lower Egypt is located at the Nile Delta near the Mediterranean Sea.
What major geographic feature separates North Africa from Sub-Saharan Africa?
The Sahara Desert separates North Africa from Sub-Saharan Africa.
What is a reg?
A reg is a flat, rocky desert plain covered with pebbles
What body of water is located north of Africa?
The body of water north of Africa is the Mediterranean Sea
Why do most people live along the Mediterranean coast?
Most people live along the Mediterranean coast because of the milder climate and access to water and resources.
Which region has the hottest temperatures?
The Sahara Desert has the hottest temperatures
What is the Sahel known for?
The Sahel is known as a transitional region between desert and grassland
What type of climate is found along the Mediterranean coast?
The Mediterranean coast has a Mediterranean climate (mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers).
What is the climate like in the Sahara?
The Sahara has a hot, dry desert climate with very little rainfall.
Where does most farming take place in North Africa?
Most farming takes place along the Nile River, Atlas Mountains, and parts of the Sahel
Why is phosphate an important resource?
Phosphate is important because it is used to make fertilizer for agriculture
Which countries are major oil producers in North Africa?
Algeria and Libya are major oil producers
What is the Maghreb?
The Maghreb is western North Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and sometimes Libya).
Who are the Berbers (Amazigh)?
The Berbers (Amazigh) are the indigenous people of North Africa
How did Islam spread to North Africa?
Islam spread to North Africa through Arab migration and conquest in the 7th century
Who was Mansa Musa and why is he important?
Mansa Musa was a ruler of the Mali Empire known for his wealth and famous pilgrimage to Mecca
What was the Arab Spring?
The Arab Spring was a series of protests and uprisings against governments beginning in 2010
What is a major challenge facing North African governments?
A major challenge is political instability and corruption
What type of economic activity is most common in the Sahel?
The Sahel economy is mostly based on subsistence farming and livestock herding.
Why is tourism important to Egypt’s economy?
Egypt relies on tourism because of its historical sites (like pyramids and temples) that attract visitors
What ethnic group makes up most of the Maghreb population?
The main ethnic group is Arab-Berber
What does it mean that North Africa is a “high-context” culture?
A high-context culture means communication depends on tone, relationships, and context rather than just words
What is couscous?
Couscous is a small grain-like pasta made from wheat or barley
What is the main staple food of the Sahel?
The staple food of the Sahel is millet
Why is hospitality important in North Africa?
Hospitality is important because life in the desert is harsh, so people depend on helping one another
What is a Bedouin?
A Bedouin is a nomadic desert dweller who moves with livestock
What tiny state is completely surrounded by Rome?
Vatican City
What Southern European country has been a republic since 1834?
Portugal
What country lies on the west coast of the Iberian Peninsula?
Portugal
What country is located between Spain and France?
Andorra
What city in Spain is perched on a plateau over two thousand feet high and is the highest capital in Europe?
Madrid
What type of faulting caused the formation of many of the mountain ranges in Southern Europe?
plate tectonics
In the fifteenth century this country in Southern Europe briefly expanded to become a world power before going into decline in the sixteenth century.
Portugal
This country's educational system is unique due to its proximity to Spain and France and the large populations of Spanish and French students living in this country.
Andorra
This city extends over 118 islands and has been called the "Floating City."
Venice
This sport is an indoor version of soccer that is popular in Portugal and Greece.
Futsal
What is the main religion of North Africa
Islam