sociology mod 3

culture

is a language value norms that is passed down to a generation to another.

do not mistake fad or fashion with culture it has to pass from generation to another

material culture

tangable items, cars, backpack, clothes

non material culture

non tangable items, freedom of religion, freedom of press

subculture

a culture within a culture that shares distinct values, behaviors, styles, or interests that set them apart from the mainstream

ex: goth, rapper, emo, LDS, gay people

counter culture

a social group whose values, norms, and behavior in opposition of mainstream society, ex: gangs, kkk, islam

ideal culture

the set of values, norms, and beliefs that a society aspires to achieve and says people should follow, even if people do not always practice them in daily life, ex: the american dream

real culture

the values, norms, and behaviors that a society actually practices in everyday life, rather than what it claims to believe.

Culture Shcok

a feeling of confusion, anxiety, and disorientation that happens when you move to or visit a place with an unfamiliar way of life

social sanctions

rewards or punishments used by society to enforce social norms and maintain order, folkways, mores, laws

Cultural diffusion

the spread of cultural beliefs, practices, ideas, and items—such as food, music, and technology—from one group of people to another exL panda express, cafe rio

ethnocentrism

the practice of judging another culture by the standards and values of one's own culture, often with the belief that one's own group is superior, ex: america is better than china, judging other cultures

cultural relativism

the practice of evaluating and understanding a person's beliefs, values, and behaviors within the context of their own culture rather than judging them through the lens of another. opposite of ethnocentrism

cultural lag

the period of time and the resulting social friction when material technology advances faster than a society's non-material rules, values, and laws.

language

a structured system of communication using speech, writing, or signs to express thoughts, ideas, and feelings

Pluralistic Society

a community where multiple distinct groups—differing in culture, religion, politics, or beliefs—live side by side while maintaining their unique identities and sharing power, ex: diversity

culture complex

a group of interrelated cultural traits organized around a shared theme, activity, or object ex: superbowl complex

Symbolic communication

the exchange of messages using arbitrary symbols—such as words, gestures, or signs—that carry shared meanings beyond their physical form, ex: Gestures, sign language

Cultural leveling

the sociological process by which different cultures become increasingly similar to one another due to globalization, travel, and modern communication