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IB Philosophy (SL)
Meta Ethics
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Philosophy
IB Philosophy (SL)
12th
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18 Terms
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Relativism
moral judgements are dependent on the standards and social conditions that exist
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cultural relativism
moral rules are an expression of the culture and nothing more
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Absolutism
some things are right and some things are wrong and that these things are fixed for all time and all people
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moral realism
belief that genuine right and wrong exist
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Moral Anti-Realism
there are no objective moral facts
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example of absolutism
rape and murder are always wrong they do not change culturally
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strength of absolutism
provides a fixed ethical code to measure actions
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Weakness of absolutism
individual circumstances
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strength of relativism
explains the reasons why everyone has differing opinions
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weakness of relativism
you still need some elements of absolutism
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intuitionism
when we make moral decision we simply choose the action that brings about more of these good things
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Strengths of intuitionism
it has a clear account of the meaning of good in ethics
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weakness of intuitionism
takes no account of rights even in life and death situations
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ethical naturalism
ethics can be defined using the same natural terms as maths or science
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weakness of ethical naturalism
simplistic in its account of moral knowledge
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is-ought problem
is \= factual, objective statement ought \= a statement of ethical value
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naturalistic fallacy
theory that critiques naturalistic theories the attempt to define good in terms of something that can be identified in the world
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Hume's Law
You cannot go from an "is" (statement of fact) to an "ought" (a moral)
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