Reproductive and Digestive Systems Study Guide

Flashcards designed to help review key terms and definitions related to the reproductive and digestive systems, including diseases and medical terminology.

Anal fistula

Abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus.

Anastomosis

Surgical connection between two normally distinct structures.

Areola

Dark-pigmented area surrounding the breast nipple.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

Non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland.

Carcinoma of the prostate

Malignant tumor of the prostate gland.

Castration

Surgical removal of testicles or ovaries.

Chancre

Primary lesion of syphilis.

Chlamydial infection

Sexually transmitted bacterial infection.

Circumcision

Surgical removal of the foreskin.

Cryptorchism

Undescended testicles.

Endometriosis

Endometrial tissue located outside the uterus.

Exenteration

Removal of organs within a cavity.

Gestation

Period from conception to birth.

Gonad

Primary reproductive organ (ovary or testis).

Gonorrhea

Sexually transmitted bacterial infection.

Gynecology

Study of female reproductive system.

Herpes genitalis

Sexually transmitted viral infection.

Hypospadias

Urethral opening on the underside of the penis.

Menarche

First menstrual period.

Menopause

Cessation of menstruation.

Menstruation

Monthly shedding of uterine lining.

Neonatology

Branch of medicine dealing with newborn infants.

Obstetrics

Branch of medicine dealing with pregnancy and childbirth.

Ovum/Ova

Female egg cell(s).

Parturition

Act of giving birth.

Phimosis

Narrowing of the foreskin opening.

Placenta

Organ that nourishes the fetus during pregnancy.

Primigravida

Woman pregnant for the first time.

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)

Infections transmitted through sexual contact.

Sphincter

Ring-like muscle that controls opening.

Varicocele

Enlarged veins in the scrotum.

Anorexia

Lack of appetite.

Ascites

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen.

Borborygmi

Rumbling sounds from stomach/intestines.

Cholelithiasis

Gallstones in the gallbladder.

Cirrhosis

Chronic liver disease with scarring.

Constipation

Difficulty passing stools.

Dental caries

Tooth decay.

Diverticulosis

Presence of small pouches in colon wall.

Diverticulitis

Inflammation of diverticula.

Dysphagia

Difficulty swallowing.

Eructation

Gas expelled from stomach through mouth.

Esophageal varices

Enlarged veins in the esophagus.

Hematochezia

Bright red blood in stool.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Backflow of stomach contents into esophagus.

Hemorrhoids

Swollen veins in rectum and anus.

Hernia

Protrusion of organ through cavity wall.

Ileus

Non-mechanical bowel obstruction.

Intussusception

Telescoping of intestines.

Jaundice (icterus)

Yellowing of skin and eyes.

Leukoplakia

White patches on oral mucous membrane.

Melena

Black, tarry stools from digested blood.

Pancreatitis

Inflammation of the pancreas.

Peptic ulcer

Open sore in digestive tract.

Steatorrhea

Fat in feces.

Volvulus

Twisting of intestine on itself.

Dialysis

Process of removing waste from blood.

Hydrocele

Fluid-filled sac around testicle.

Nephritis

Inflammation of kidneys.

Nocturia

Excessive urination at night.

Oliguria

Scanty urine production.

Pyelonephritis

Kidney infection.

Testicular torsion

Twisting of spermatic cord.

Uremia

Waste in blood from kidney failure.

Voiding

Urination.

Fertilization

Union of sperm and egg.

Flatus

Gas expelled through anus.

Gamete

Reproductive cell.

Multi-

Many.

Null-

None.

Primi-

First.

Purulent

Containing pus.

Syphilis

Chronic sexually transmitted disease.

Teratoma

Tumor containing different tissue types.