Human Anatomy Human Lab

Adrenal Gland

System: Endocrine

Action:

• Adrenal Medulla- release norepinephrine and epinephrine

• Adrenal Cortex- release cortisol and aldosterone

Brain

System: Nervous

Action: major component of the central nervous system

Bronchus (Bronchi)

System: Respiratory

Action: large duct connecting/within the lungs, transfers air between the trachea and bronchioles

Esophagus

System: Digestive

Action: muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach

Gall Bladder

System: Digestive

Action: stores and concentrates the bile used in lipid digestion

Heart

System: Cardiovascular

Action: pumps blood through the body’s blood vessels

Kidney

System: Urinary

Action: fliters the blood and produces urine

Large Intestines (colon)

System: Digestive

Action: concentrates digestive waste for elimination from the body

Larynx

System: Respiratory

Action: produces sound during speech

Liver

System: Digestive

Action:

• produces bile for lipid digestion

• breaks down old red blood cells and stores iron

• stores nutrients such as glycogen and triglycerides

• other: produces enzymes used for blood clotting

Lungs

System: Respiratory

Action: used for breathing; exchanges gas with blood capillaries at the alveoli (air sacs in the lungs)

Ovary

System: Reproductive & Endocrine

Action: Female gonad; produces mature eggs, and releases estrogen and progesterone

Pancreas

System: Digestive & Endocrine

Action:

• produces and releases digestive enzymes into the small intestines

• releases insulin

Parathyroid Glands

System: Endocrine

Action: four glands on posterior thyroid; release parathyroid hormone causing blood calcium levels to rise

Pharynx

System: Respiratory & Digestive

Action: common pathway for air from the nose and mouth, and for food and drink

Pituitary

System: Endocrine

Action:

• Anterior Pituitary (adenohypophysis): gland stimulated by the hypothalamus and releases hormones

• Posterior Pituitary (neurohypophysis): extension of the hypothalamus that releases hormones

Prostate

System: Reproductive

Action: gland found in males that releases seminal fluids

Seminal Vesicles

System: Reproductive

Action: glands found in males that release seminal fluids

Small Intestines

System: Digestive

Action: region of the digestive tract where most digestion and absorption occurs

Spinal Cord

System: Nervous

Action: cylindrical structure of the central nervous system thats protected by vertebrae

Spleen

System: Immune

Action: organ that removes old red blood cells and houses immune cells

Stomach

System: Digestive

Action: temporary holding chamber for partially digested food; contains highly acidic secretions

Testes (Testis)

System: Reproductive & Endocrine

Action: male gonad that produces sperm and releases testosterone

Thymus

System: Immune

Action: organ that removes old red blood cells and houses immune cells

Thyroid

System: Endocrine

Action: endocrine gland located near the trachea, releases hormones that increase metabolism

Trachea

System: Respiratory

Action: tube in the neck lined by partial cartilage rings; air passageway between the larynx and bronchi

Ureter

System: Urinary

Action: tube that transports urine from a kidney to the urinary bladder

Urethra

System: Urinary

Action: tube that drains urine from the urinary bladder

Urinary Bladder

System: Urinary

Action: stores urine

Uterus

System: Reproductive

Action:

• site of fetal development during pregnancy in the female

• sheds its innermost layer, the endometrium, in menstrual cycle